HAWAIIAN COMMISSION, 



THE EEPORT 



OF THE 



HAWAIIAN COMMISSION, 



APPOINTED IN PURSUANCE OF THE "JOINT RESOLUTION 

TO PROVIDE FOR ANNEXING THE HAWAIIAN 

ISLANDS TO THE UNITED STATES," 

APPROVED JULY 7, 1898. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1898. 



HAWAIIAN COMMISSION. 



THE REPORT 



OF THE 



HAWAIIAN COMMISSION, 



APPOINTED IN PURSUANCE OF THE "JOINT RESOLUTION 

TO PROVIDE FOR ANNEXING THE HAWAIIAN 

ISLANDS TO THE UNITED STATES," 

APPROVED JULY 7, 1898, 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1898. 



-n 



IAfr*7 



u 






THE HAWAIIAN COMMISSION". 



REPORT. 

The commissioners appointed and commissioned by the President in 
pursuance of public resolution, No. 51, entitled "Joint resolution to 
provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States," 
approved July 7, 1898, as follows— 

[Public Resolution— No. 51.] 

JOINT RESOLUTION to provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. 

Whereas the Government of the Republic of Hawaii having, in due form, signified 
its consent, in the manner provided by its constitution, to cede absolutely and with- 
out reserve to the United States of America all rights of sovereignty of whatsoever 
kind in and over the Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies, and also to cede and 
transfer to the United States absolute fee and ownership of all public, Government 
or Crown lands, public buildings or edifices, ports, harbors, military equipment, and 
t • il her public property of every kind and description belonging to the Government 
ot the Hawaiian Islands, together with every right and appurtenance thereunto 
appertaining: Therefore, 

Resolved by the Senate and Mouse of Representatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assembled, That said cession is accepted, ratified, and confirmed, and that 
the said Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies be, and they are hereby, annexed 
as a part of the territory of the United States and are subject to the sovereign 
dominion thereof, and that all and singular the property and rights hereinbefore 
mentioned are vested in the United States of America. 

The existing laws of the United States relative to public lauds shall not apply to 
such lands in the Hawaiian Islands; but the Congress of the United States shall 
enact special laws for their management and disposition : Provided, That all revenue 
iroin or proceeds of the same, except as regards such part thereof as may be used or 
occupied for the civil, military, or naval purposes of the United States, or may be 
assigned tor the use of the local government, shall be used solely for the benefit of 
the inhabitants of the Hawaiian Islands for educational and other public purposes 

Until Congress shall provide for the government of such islands all the civil, judi- 
cial, and military powers exercised by the officers of the existing government in 
said islands shall be vested in such person or persons and shall be exercised in such 
manner as the President of the United States shall direct; and the President shall 
have power to remove said officers and fill the vacancies so occasioned. 

The existing treaties of the Hawaiian Islands with foreign nations shall forthwith 
cease and determine, being replaced by such treaties as may exist, or as maybe here- 
aiter concluded, between the United States and such foreign nations. The munici- 
pal legislation of the Hawaiian Islands, not enacted for the fulfillment of the treaties 
eo extinguished, and not inconsistent with this joint resolution nor contrary to the 
Constitution of the United States nor to any existing treaty of the United States 
shall remain m force until the Congress of the United States shall otherwise 



2 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Until legislation shall be enacted extending the United States customs laws and 
regulations to the Hawaiian Islands the existing customs relations of the Hawaiian 
Islands with the United States and other countries shall remain unchanged. 

The public debt of the Republic of Hawaii, lawfully existing at the date ot the 
passage of this joint resolution, including the amounts due to depositors in the 
Hawaiian Postal Savings Bank, is hereby assumed by the Government of the United 
States; but the liability of the United States in this regard shall in no case exceed 
four million dollars. So long, however, as the existing Government and the present 
commercial relations of the Hawaiian Islands are continued as hereinbefore provided 
said Government shall continue to pay the interest on said debt. __ 

There shall be no further immigration of Chinese into the Hawaiian Islands, 
except upon such conditions as are now or may hereafter be allowed by the laws ot 
the United States; and no Chinese, by reason of anything herein contained, shall be 
allowed to enter the United States from the Hawaiian Islands. 

The President shall appoint five commissioners, at least two of whom shall be resi- 
dents of the Hawaiian Islands, who shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, recom- 
mend to Congress such legislation concerning the Hawaiian Islands as they shall 

deem necessary or proper. . , , , ;■,-,,. • j. i i *.i 

Sec. 2. That the commissioners hereinbefore provided for shall be appointed by the 
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

Sec 3 That the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereol as may 
be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, and to be immediately available, to be expended at the discretion ot the 
President of the United States of America, for the purpose of carrying this joint reso- 
lution into effect. 
Approved, July 7, 1898— 

make the following report: 

A majority of the said commissioners met and effected a partial 
organization of the commission at Washington, D. 0., on the 16th clay 
of July, 1898, and determined that the commission should next meet at 
Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, as soon as practicable. 

Accordingly, the commission, consisting of Shelby M. Cullom, chair- 
man John T. Morgan, Robert JK. Hitt, Sanford B. Dole, and Walter F. 
Frea'r, commissioners, met in Honolulu on the 18th day of August, 1898, 
all of the commissioners being present. 

MEETINGS AT HONOLULU. 

The commission thereafter held its meetings in regular daily sessions 
in the former palace of the Hawaiian Government, now known as the 
"Executive Building," of which due public notice was given. Certain 
times were arranged for the hearing of suggestions from the public 
and for the receiving of petitions or other papers which might be pre- 
sented. A number of societies or associations, as well as individuals, 
appeared and were heard through their chosen representatives by the 

C °At designated times the commission visited several of the most 
important islands of the Hawaiian group, in company with persons 
representing important agricultural and commercial interests and 
others representing the Government. . 

These visits to the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, and Molokai, and 
to the seaports of Honolulu, Hilo, Lahaina, Wailuku, Kawaihae, 
Kahului, and Kalaupapa, served to give the commission a great deal 
of valuable information as to the condition and capabilities of the 
islands as regards agriculture and commerce, and some knowledge as 
to the climate, temperature, and soil. The atmospheric peculiarities 
and meteorological conditions also furnished important subjects tor our 
study and inquiry, as bearing upon the adaptability of the islands tor 
general or miscellaneous immigration from the-TI nited btates. 

THE INHABITANTS. 

An important subject of our investigation was that of the adapta- 
bility of the several races of the people who inhabit the islands for 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 3 

American citizenship and their ability to sustain the obligations which 
attach to the right of suffrage. The American idea of universal suffrage 
presupposes that the body of citizens who are to exercise it in a free 
and independent mauner have, by inheritance or education, such knowl- 
edge and appreciation of the responsibilities of free suffrage, and of a 
full participation in the sovereignty of the country, as to be able to 
maintain a republican government. 

The following different races and nationalties of people now occupv 
the Hawaiian Islands : 

Hawaiians and mixed blood 30 qqq 

^p anese - "?."?:"" ;.;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 2 5,'ooo 

Chinese 21 500 

Portuguese '.'.'."'.'. 15'000 

Americans a' nnn 

British —".""-"..'.".".'.*.":.".'"";;;::;; tm 

Germans and other Europeans \ 2' 000 

Polynesians and miscellaneous '...'.'.'..'....'. "*" 1250 

Total 110,000 

The native Hawaiians are a kindly, affectionate people, confiding, 
friendly, and liberal, many of them childlike and easy in habits and 
manners, willing to associate and intermarry with the European or 
other races, obedient to law and governmental authority. Many of the 
Japanese are contract laborers, who are engaged upon the sugar plan- 
tations. Others are employed as day laborers. There are some, how- 
ever, who have become merchants and mechanics, who conduct business 
for themselves, and who exhibit the national characteristics of skill 
thrift, and ability. 

There are about 700 Chinese who have been naturalized into the 
Hawaiian Eepublic. Many of the Chinese and Japanese on the islands 
are, or have been, brought there under permits by that Government 
and contracts under which they are bound to work for a term of years 
and to return at the expiration of the contract term of service. At the 
expiration of their terms they are either returned to their native country 
or renew their labor contracts, or become day laborers. 

Nearly all Chinese laborers. desire and expect to go back to China at 
death, if not before. The Japanese are not so particular as to return- 
ing; but with their accumulative habits they frequently attain a posi- 
tion and standing in business which makes it desirable to them to 
remain in the islands. 

The Americans, although in such a small minority, practically domi- 
nate the governmental affairs of the country, and, with the British and 
Germans, and part-blood Hawaiian-Americans together, constitute the 
controlling element in business. The Chinese and Japanese do not 
now possess political power, nor have they any important relation to 
the body politic, except as laborers. The Portuguese are largely immi- 
grants from the islands and colonies of Portugal in the Atlantic, and 
have never been very closely tied to their mother country. With the 
certain attrition which is bound to exist between them and the Ameri- 
cans in Hawaii, and under the influence of the existing public-school 
system, which makes the study of the English language co pu'sory, 
they promise to become a good class of people for the < ow h of 
republican ideas. 

It will, of course, be observed that this entire population of 110,000 
is dominated, politically, financially, and commercially, by the American 
element. 



4 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

The Hawaiian Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean about 2,100 
miles southwest from San Francisco, and are between 18° and 23° north 
latitude and 154° and 101° west longitude. The latitude or distance 
from the equator is about the same as that of Cuba. The climate would 
probably be the same as that of Cuba were it not modified and equalized 
by the northeast trade winds, which prevail for about nine months of the 
year, coming over thousands of miles of ocean uncontawunated by 
impurities. The Japanese gulf stream is a broad current of cool water, 
flowing like a river across the Pacific Ocean, which lowers the tempera- 
ture within its vicinity materially. There are other somewhat perma- 
nent currents and winds which affect temperature, and these great 
natural agencies tend constantly to neutralize the tropical heat, winch 
would otherwise seriously affect the temperature of the islands. The 
annual average of temperature at Honolulu is 72° or 73° F., while the 
lowest is 55° and the highest 88°. During the warmest month of 
the year, September, the temperature, except for about two hours at 
midday, stands at about 78°. There is never any frost or snow, except 
upon the high mountain peaks, where at the altitude of nearly 14,000 
feet there are at times considerable snowfalls. 

AREA AND POPULATION. 

The Hawaiian group numbers seven inhabited islands and eleven or 
twelve small rocky or sandy shoals or reefs, with a total area of 6,740 
square miles. They are described as follows : 

Population, 
1896. 

Hawaii, area 4,210 square miles 33, 285 

Maui, 760 square miles 17, 726 

Oahu, 600 square miles 40,205 

Kauai, 590 square miles (rich farming and grazing lauds) 15, 228 

Molokai, 270 square miles (agricultural and grazing) 2, 307 

Lanai, 150 square miles ( devoted to sheep raising) • 105 

Niihau, 97 square miles (leased to sheep raisers) 164 

Kahoolawe, 63 square miles. 

Molokini, small size. 

Lehua, small size. 

Nihoa, 500 acres X about), precipitous rock, 400 feet high (244 miles northwest from 
Honolulu). 

Laysan, 2,000 acres (about), guano island, low and sandy, 30 feet high (800 miles 
northwest from Honolulu). 

Gardeners Island, two inaccessible rocks, 200 feet high, about 1,000 feet long (607 
miles northwest of Honolulu). 

Liscansky Island, 500 acres (about), low and sandy, 25 to 50 feet high (920 miles 
northwest from Honolulu). 

Ocean Island, 500 acres (about), low and sandy (1,800 miles northwest from Honolulu). 

Keeker Island, 400 acres (about), a precipitous rock, 300 feet high (400 miles north- 
west from Honolulu). 

Palmyra Island, a cluster of low islets, about 10 miles in circumference, with lagoon 
in center; has a few cocoanut trees (1,100 miles southwest of Honolulu). 

Kaula, small, rocky islaud, a few miles southwest of Niihau. 

French Frigate Shoal, scattered shoals or reefs. 

THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 

The statistics available in regard to the public lands belonging to the 
Eepublic of Hawaii at the time of the cession to the United States are 
not of that absolute or definite character that they can be accepted as 
conclusive of areas and values. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 5 

The frequent radical changes in the past years in the methods of con- 
trol and of sales and leases and transfers of lands under the direction 
of tne Crown— some made by royal order or grant, some by law, and 
some without much legality or formality— have made it very difficult to 
arrive at exact figures. We have, however, from the best sources avail- 
able, obtained the following statements, which are approximately cor- 
rect, but subject to amendment when full opportunity may present for 
critical examination and computation. 

in 1894 the Crown lands, or the lands formerly belonging to the 
Monarch, were taken over to the Eepublic of Hawaii. They amounted 
on May 1, 1894, to 971,463 acres, valued at $2,314,250. Those lands 
are now nearly all held by tenants under long leases, and for the year 
ending March 31, 1894, the rentals received were $49,208.75. The 
leases in force when the transfer of sovereignty from the Monarchy to 
the Eepublic took place have been recognized and the rental treated 
as Government income. As these leases expire the lands become avail- 
able for settlement or lease, under the public-land system. An estimate 
by the Government September 30, 1897, of all Government lands and 
their value, shows an aggregate of 1,762,330 acres, worth $4,147,700 to 
which is to be added the value of lots in Honolulu and Hilo— old lots 
unleased and sites offish market, custom-house, and reclaimed lots— in 
all estimated at $1,481,000, making a total value of $5,629,500. Since 
September 30, 1897, and up to August 12, 1898, patent grants in fee 
simple, conveying 8,860 acres of agricultural land, valued at $48,500, 
have been issued, so that the present total area is 1,772,640 acres and 
the total value is $5,581,000. 

Values have, however, been rapidly appreciating, so that this esti- 
mate is a very moderate one. The leases now in force will expire at 
various dates and for various tracts from year to year until the year 
1921, when all the leases issued under the Monarchy will terminate. 

Before noting the peculiarities and characteristics of the several 
principal islands it is proper to state, generally, that all, without excep- 
tion, are of volcanic origin, while extinct craters, volcanic cones, and 
extensive fields of lava are almost universal. 

Kauai, the most northwesterly of the group, is nearly circular in 
form and about 25 miles in diameter, having an area of about 590 
square miles. It is believed to be one of the oldest of the Hawaiian 
Islands; has a deeper soil and a greater proportion of naturally arable 
land. It seems to have been originally formed by eruptions of Mount 
VVaialeale, the great central peak 6,000 feet in height, a volcano which 
has been extinct from time immemorial. There are several mountain 
streams flowing from an elevated natural reservoir or lake in the central 
plateau. 

The valleys between the mountain ranges, which radiate from the 
interior, are broad and deep, having large areas of rich bottom lands, 
very productive under the influence of irrigation, which is largely in 
use for the sugar plantations. Kauai was, in the remote past, a king- 
dom by itself, and the stories of kings and chiefs aud warriors of Kauai 
are the traditional histories of the island. Lihue, the chief settlement, 
has about 3,500 inhabitants. The Falls of Wailua are romantically sit- 
uated in the midst of a luxuriant forest, the river falling 180 feet in one 
unbroken sheet. Coffee, sugar, rice, and some other products are grown 
with profit. The inhabitants of Kauai take much pride in their fertile 
lands. 

Oahu, upon which is situated Honolulu, the capital citv, is the most 
populous of the islands, having over 40,000 inhabitants, "it is devoted 



6 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

largely to pasturage and agriculture. Several very profitable sugar 
plantations are now operated on this island, and the full development 
of the artesian water supply for the irrigation of growing sugar cane is 
here exhibited. During the past two years the yield of sugar upon 
one of the favorably situated plantations has exceeded expectation, 
amounting to from 9£ to 10J tons of sugar per acre. Honolulu Harbor, 
although not large enough to accommodate a rapidly growing com- 
merce, is a deep-water opening through the coral reefs at the mouth of 
the Nuuanu Valley, in front of the city of Honolulu. A few miles away 
is Pearl Harbor, a naturally excavated harbor, covering 8 or 10 square 
miles of water surface, and ranging from 20 to 90 feet deep. 

It is expected that by a small appropriation a coral reef, which bars 
the entrance from the ocean for large vessels, will be removed by the 
Government of the United States, whereupon this will furnish the best 
harbor on the Pacific. Some of the most beautiful and enchanting 
residence sites to be found are at Honolulu. A railway 70 miles iD 
length connects Honolulu with Waialua and several intervening points. 
Several very prosperous business enterprises are established at Hono 
lulu, and, altogether, the location, for many reasons, is a most desirable 
one for commercial and shipping facilities. 

Molokai is a long, narrow island, about 40 miles in length and less 
than 10 miles in width. The eastern half of Molokai has some very 
wild mountain scenery, and in some places a luxuriant vegetation. 
Eecently much attention has been given to irrigation from artesian 
water, and a large area is expected soon to be brought under profitable 
culture. Still, most of the island is devoted to pasturage. Quite a 
large number of deer have their haunts on this island. 

LEPER SETTLEMENT. 

The noted leper settlement is situated on the north side of Molokai. 
There are about 1,100 lepers in the settlement, fed, clothed, and cared 
for by the Government of Hawaii. A few devoted monks and nuns of 
the Franciscan order have the immediate personal care of the lepers. 
The peninsula on which the lepers are maintained contains about 5,000 
acres of land, which is completely surrounded and separated from the 
world by a turbulent ocean on the north and a range of impassable 
mountain heights on the south. 

Maui is believed to be one of the oldest volcanic islands. Much of 
the lava of which it is composed has become decomposed and available 
for easy cultivation, while the use of artesian water for irrigation has 
made the sugar lands the most profitable known. This island has upon 
it the great volcano of Haleakala, now and for centuries entirely 
quiet, but which is the largest extinct volcano in the world. This cra- 
ter is half a mile deep and 20 miles in circumference. 

On this island artesian water is pumped in quantities of 6,000,000 
gallons daily, to the height of 400 feet, for sugar irrigation. The -lands 
on the south and west sides of the island are mostly cattle ranches and 
pasture lands, while on the north and east the numerous streams fur- 
nish abundance of water for prosperous plantations of sugar and coffee. 
This island was once a kingdom. The town of Lahaina was its capital 
and contained the palaces of the king. Some of the plantations on 
this island were visited by us and were truly places of beauty. They 
evidenced great enterprise, and yield large profits from the great crops 
of sugar. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 7 

Niihau is an island of nearly 100 square miles, the most of the land 
upon which has been leased to sheep raisers. There are about 100 
native inhabitants, who adhere in manners and style of living to the 
customs of their earlier ancestors. The handiwork of the natives in 
the making of a kind of mats is known all over the islands. They are 
called "Niihau mats," and bring large prices from the collectors of 
curios. A part of this island consists of a coral reef, uplifted by some 
convulsion of nature, but now largely covered by volcanic material 
washed down from the mountains. 

Lanai comprises about 100,000 acres, devoted almost wholly to sheep 
raising and the production of wool. It has only about 100 inhabitants, 
and is rarely visited except by persons interested in the sheep-raising 
or wool-growing industry. 

Hawaii, the largest of the islands and from which the group takes its 
name, contains nearly 2,500,000 acres of land, and has a population of 
nearly 34,000. Its principal town is Hilo, situated on Hilo Bay at the 
mouth of the Waiiuku River. Hilo possesses several churches, a good 
hotel, and several business houses. There are three lofty mountains on 
the island of Hawaii, viz, Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Hualalai. The 
two first are nearly 14,000 feet high and the other 8,000. Upon Mauna 
Loa are two great volcanoes, Kilauea, upon the side of the mountain at 
an elevation of 4,000 feet, and the other, Mokuaweoweo, at the top, or 
at about 13,500 feet elevation. These two great volcanoes are still alive, 
but not now in eruption. 

We visited Kilauea and crossed its broad lava fields within the walls 
of its original crater, and now about 500 feet below the rim or edge of 
the wall. On the southerly portion of this broad lava bed is a still 
deeper pit, or live crater, apparently some 800 feet below the surface 
of the broad lava field before mentioned, from the very bottom of which 
arises a whitish sulphurous smoke so dense as to hide from full view 
the surface of the burning, seething liquid far below. This is what is 
called "Halemaumau," "the house of fire," when the volcano is active 
and in eruption, but it is now very quiet and smoky. Yet even now 
numerous crevices are found, some of them 2 or 3 miles from this pit 
or lake, from which smoke or steam constantly arises, and in which 
sticks thrust down a few inches by us readily took fire. Around some 
of these crevices an efflorescence of sulphur was noticed, and on exam- 
ination we found deposits of pure native sulphur so hot from the sub- 
terranean fountain, perhaps 3 miles away, that it could not be handled. 
It must be remembered that this description refers only to Kilauea, 
and not at all to the great volcano itself at the top of the mountain, 
and called "Mokuaweoweo," which during the ages and ages past has 
poured the lava over the island many times. 

The magnitude of this mountain is hardly believed at first sight, 
but the distance is not less than 60 miles from the base on one side to 
the other. And from the crater of Kilauea, on the side of Mauna Loa, 
to the crater of Mokuaweoweo, at the top of the same mountain, is 
about 25 miles. The side slopes of these great mountains comprise 
practically all the agricultural land upon this island. This can nearly 
all be cultivated after it is cleared from its luxuriant vegetation. Some 
of it, however, has such a rank growth of tree ferns, wild bananas, 
and all sorts of tropical trees and vines, as to require a cost of from $20 
to $60 per acre to clear it. There are great fields of sugar cane on this 
island, the best of which yields under favorable conditions from 5 to 8 
or more tons of sugar per acre. 



8 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

A large part of the volcanic soil is adapted to coffee growing, and 
produces the best coffee in the world. Many new plantations have been 
started in the last two or three years, and, as a rule, the older the trees 
the greater the yield of coffee, so that large profits are anticipated. 
Upon the sides of these great mountains, at the proper altitudes, almost 
all grades of temperature may be found, so that the vegetation of all 
countries may be grown by exercising care in the location selected. 
Any desired amount of rainfall maybe obtained by selecting the proper 
altitude and location. On this point it may be said that a rainfall 
varying from a few inches to 16 feet annually may be secured by using 
a little care in selecting a location. In addition to the various crop 
products, it should be stated that cattle raising is one of the principal 
industries upon some of the higher lands. There is much timber land 
also found on the mountain sides. 

HARBORS AND LANDING PLACES. 

Although the harbor and limited roadstead of Honolulu have for a 
hundred years or so furnished the wharf privileges and anchorage 
ground for the numerous vessels of all classes which have visited the 
islands, there is already such a pressing demand for an early increase 
in harbor room, wharf area, and anchorage in the Honolulu harbor, as 
to make necessary the immediate consideration of measures for addi- 
tional harbors and wharves. 

Within 6 or 7 miles of Honolulu lies Pearl Harbor, a most valuable 
feature of our Hawaiian acquisition. It is the only place capable of 
use as a naval station in the North Pacific Ocean, except immediately 
upon the American coast. It consists of an inland lake containing 8 
square miles of water, about half of which is from 5 to 10 fathoms 
deep, admitting the largest ships. The remaining portion has a depth 
of from 2 to 4 fathoms. It is accessible from the sea by a passage a 
third of a mile in width, which, after a small amount of dredging, will 
become a safe and excellent entrance for vessels. 

This harbor is many times larger than that of Honolulu, and it offers 
to the United States facilities for the increase of Pacific and Oriental 
commerce the value of which can not be estimated. If the United 
States shall develop this desirable place, as it may easily do, it will afford 
the American Navy the most advantageous spot for a coaling station 
and naval depot to be obtained anywhere. 

No other inclosed harbor exists in any group for thousands of miles 
north or south. One writer says : 

The naval power owning Pearl Harbor will therefore hold in complete monopoly 
the mastery of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator. Pearl Harbor is the chief jewel 
of the Hawaiian group. 

Owned now by the United States, it offers us the key to the commerce 
of China, Japan, and Australia. 

RAINFALL. 

There is a great diversity in the amount of rainfall in different locali- 
ties, but it is thought that about 50 inches per annum is the average 
over the group. On the windward (northeast) side of some of tbe 
islands at certain low altitudes the rainfall reaches 150 inches, as at 
Hilo, or even 200 inches, as at the volcano of Kilauea, while on the lee- 
ward side, at the sea level, very little rain falls, but up the mountain 
sides there is usually abundant moisture. The climate is particularly 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 9 

healthy, both in the dry or wet localities, it being claimed even that 
the frequent showers in some places do not saturate the air with mois- 
ture. There is very seldom much humidity in the atmosphere, and even 
in damp or marshy districts there is seldom any malaria or fever germs. 

TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL. 



Temperature and rainfall at Honolulu for the twelve months from July, 1896, to June, 

1897, inclusive. 



Month. 



Highest. 



Lowest. 6 a.m. 



2 p.m. 



9 p.m. 



General 
average. 



Eainfall. 



July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

For the year 

Average for past seven years 



90 



Inches. 
3.55 
3.71 
.64 
3.57 
3.46 
6.70 
2.90 
2.15 
1.92 
1.46 
1.95 
1.74 



30.75 
38.80 



FOR THE YEAR 1897. 

On the island of Hawaii the rainfall at two stations, Kaumana and 
Olaa, was, respectively, 136 and 146 inches. For the entire island the 
average raiufall was 65 inches. On the island of Maui the average was 
27£ inches. On Kauai the average was 46 inches. 

NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 

The following daily papers are printed in Honolulu: Pacific Commer- 
cial Advertiser, English; Daily Bulletin, English; Hawaiian Star, 
English; Independent, English; Aloha Aina, native; Ka Loea Kal- 
aiaina, native; Hawaiian Shimpo, Japanese. 

Also the following semiweeklies: Hawaiian Gazette, English; Shim 
Nipon, Japanese; Tamato Shimbun, Japanese. 

Also the following semiweeklies: Weekly Hawaiian Star, English; 
The Kuokoa, native; O Luso, Portuguese; O Directo, Portuguese; 
Hawaiian Chinese News, Chinese; Chinese Times, Chinese; Chinese 
Chronicle, Chinese; Ka Makaainana, native. 

And the following monthlies: AlBoas Novas, Portuguese (sectarian); 
The Paradise of the Pacific, English; The Planters' Monthly, English; 
The Friend, English; Anglican Church Chronicle, English. 

And the following quarterlies: The Honolulu Diocesan Magazine, 
English; The Young Men's Christian Association Eeview, English. 

The Hilo Tribune, weekly, and the Hawaii Herald, weekly, are pub- 
lished in English at Hilo, on the island of Hawaii. 



CHURCHES IN HONOLULU. 

Central Union Church (Congregational). 

Methodist Episcopal Church. 

The Christian Church. 

The Christian Chinese Church. 



10 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

The Salvation Army. 

St. Audrew's Cathedral (Episcopal); first and second congregations 
and Chinese congregation. 

Koman Catholic Church. 

Protestant Mission, Portuguese. 

Japanese Union Church, connected with Hawaiian Board of Mis- 
sions. 

Japanese Church. 

Kawaihao Church, Congregational, native. 

Kauinakapili Church, Congregational, native. 

THE PUBLIC HEALTH. 

The Government has devoted its most earnest efforts to the protec- 
tion of the inhabitants against the introduction of dangerous contagious 
and infectious diseases, and a strict quarantine is maintained at points 
where ships from infected ports might call. 

The board of health is one of the most important agencies in the 
islands for the preservation and promotion of the public health, and is 
given almost plenary powers under the law. Ordinary malarial fevers 
are quite rare. There are, however, occasional cases of typhoid fever, 
especially among the United States troops recently stationed at Hono- 
lulu. There have been occasional epidemics of various diseases at 
times during the past one hundred years. 

Under present health regulations, with the experience gained, the 
Government can, it is thought, cope with epidemic diseases better than 
that of almost any other country. 

OCEANIC CABLE. 

The necessity for an oceanic telegraph cable between the Hawaiian 
Islands and the United States has been emphasized during the military 
and naval warfare with Spain during the current year. It is believed 
that such a cable under the control of the United States, as a means of 
speedy communication with the remote parts of our own country, is 
demanded by the military conditions existing or liable to exist at any 
time. It is also believed that the commercial interests of the United 
States and of Hawaii require that such a Pacific cable should be laid 
at the earliest date. 

EDUCATION. 

The present public- school system of Hawaii is very satisfactory and 
efficient. The conduct of the public schools and the tendency of the 
entire educational establishment of Hawaii is in the highest degree 
advantageous to the United States. The laws of Hawaii already pro- 
vide that school attendance by all persons of school age shall be com- 
pulsory, and also that the English language shall be the universal 
language taught. The effect of these two enactments is the most ben- 
eficial and far-reaching in unifying the inhabitants which could be 
adopted. It operates to break up the racial antagonisms otherwise 
certain to increase, and to unite in the schoolroom the children of the 
Anglo-Saxons, the Hawaiians, the Latins, and the Mongolians in the 
rivalry for obtaining an education. No system could be adopted which 
would tend to Americanize the people more thoroughly than this. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 11 

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE. 

Commercial conditions of a country are so readily influenced by what 
at first may appear to be remote and unimportant enactments that the 
utmost sagacity is necessary in the preparation of laws for the promo- 
tion of commercial interests. The commerce between the United States 
and Hawaii, as well as the foreign commerce of both, should be so pro- 
tected by our navigation laws and vessel registry and by our revenue 
legislation as to give to our country and to our newly acquired people 
all the advantages which should properly come to either. This is 
apparent. We can not ignore a territory which grows, exports, and 
sells more than $15,000,000 in value annually. The future of this new 
domain of industry can hardly yet be imagined. But when Pearl Har- 
bor becomes the meeting place and the transfer depot of the ships of 
Russia, China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and of the Atlantic 
liners which will steam through the Nicaragua Canal, commingling on 
the great Pacific with the vessels of the western coast of the American 
continent, the genius of our country will preside over the traffic which 
is certain to come in the near future. As the conduct of a four-months' 
war has produced such a rearrangement of the methods and lines of 
the world's commerce, it is difficult to foretell what may be possible in 
a few years of peace in the future. 

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. 

The. principal agricultural products of Hawaii are sugar, rice, coffee, 
taro, bananas, cattle, and sheep. The great market crop which fur- 
nishes the income for the agriculturists of Hawaii is sugar. The sugar 
crop exceeds in money value many times the aggregate of all other 
products. The exports of sugar from Hawaii in 1896 amounted in value 
to $14,932,172, while all other exports together, including rice, coffee, 
bananas, wool, hides, pineapples, only amounted to $583,058. In other 
words, about twenty-five times as much sugar was exported as of all 
other products together. Under the coming sovereignty of the United 
States, it is believed that the various other agricultural products will be 
raised in much greater quantities. There is no doubt that many kinds 
of farm products and fruits can be very profitably grown in Hawaii, 
and, under favorable conditions, be made a source of large income. 

The rice crop is now limited to small areas and raised only by China- 
men. And yet sufficient rice was grown in 1896 to export over 5,000,000 
pounds, valued at nearly $200,000. 

The growth of coffee is comparatively a new industry in Hawaii, but 
the area of the plantations is now rapidly increasing. About half a 
million pounds is now annually exported. The quality is the very best. 

Banana growing is gradually becoming a profitable industry, although 
only recently attempted on a large scale. The yield is now about 
150,000 bunches yearly. 

The taro root, which is the staple article of food for most of the 
native Hawaiians, finds demand for local consumption of a large quan- 
tity. So little of it is exported that there are no statistics of value. 

Pineapples are readily and profitably grown. 

Oranges, limes, and lemons, and other citrus fruits, hitherto almost 
wholly imported from California, are now being grown of good quality 
in moderate quantities in Hawaii. Many other tropical fruits have 
been experimented with, and it is apparent that they can be readily 
grown with profit. The guava, the papaia, the avocado, and figs are 
also easily produced. 



L2 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Live stock, including cattle, sheep, and swine are raised to some 
extent. It is stated that the value of live stock produced ranks third in 
amount of all the agricultural products of the islands. 

THE PRISON SYSTEM. 

The Hawaiian Islands maintain a prison system, the principal penal 
Institution corresponding to the State prisons of the various States of 
the Union, while on each of the larger islands a prison for the use of 
their respective local offenders is provided. In addition there is in each 
district a lockup or detention calaboose, in some of which are detained 
small gangs held for minor offenses and sentenced for short terms to 
perform street or road labor. Where possible the plan of placing but 
one prisoner to a cell is adhered to. The Honolulu prison is under the 
charge of a jailor and several prison guards, the whole system subject 
to the supervision of the marshal of the islands, who is responsible to 
the board of prison inspectors appointed by the minister of the interior. 

FISHERIES. 

The customs and habits of the native Hawaiians, as well as some 
others of the inhabitants of the islands, have caused the fisheries and 
fishing rights to assume some importance as an industry, which has 
always been under the control of the Government. The fish caught 
and used by the islanders are all salt water fish, caught from the sea 
or the bays and harbors adjacent. There are nearly a hundred varie- 
ties, including shellfish, sold in the markets of the islands. Scarcely 
one of these varieties would be known or identified by Americans 
from its native name. Some of the varieties are of excellent quality, 
and the fisheries promise to become an important industry in the 
future of the islands. 

The inventory of the real and personal property (exclusive of Gov- 
ernment public lands) lately belonging to the Republic of Hawaii and 
now in possession of the several departments and offices of the Repub- 
lic, which inures to the United States by the act of annexation, valued 
by the departmental and bureau officials of the Republic, amounts as 
follows : 

Department of the interior $4,612,766.66 

Judiciary department 80, 098. 00 

Finance office 5,100.00 

Tax office 1,218.12 

Customs bureau 3, 456. 25 

Postal bureau 8,067.99 

Audit bureau 557. 00 

Department of foreign affairs 60, 625. 00 

Police department 17,351.00 

Total 4,789,240.02 

(See Appendix for detail of inventory.) 

To this amount should be added the value of the Government or 
public lands, $4,147,700, and lots in Honolulu and Hilo, with unleased 
lots and sites of fish market, custom-house, and reclaimed lots, worth 
$1,481,800, making the following aggregate valuation : 

Government or public lands ~ $4, 147, 700. 00 

Government lots, sites, etc 1, 481, 800. 00 

Departmental property 4,789,240.02 

Aggregate . x 10,418,740.02 



ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 13 

being the estimated value of the property of the Eepublic of Hawaii 
awaiting transfer to the United States. 

A comparison has been made of the operation of the tariff laws of the 
two countries, the United States and the Eepublic of Hawaii, respec- 
tively, for the year 1897, showing that upon the same importations for 
which Hawaii collected in that year, as customs duties, the sum of 
$548,483.54, the United States, under the Dingley tariff law, would 
have collected $902,706.93, or an excess of $354,233.39. Also during 
the first six months of the year 1898 — 

Hawaii collected the sum of $240, 038. 88 

The United States under the Dingley law would have collected 669, 636. 97 

An excess of 429,598.09 

or an aggregate excess, in the year and a half, of $793,821.48 over 
the amount collected by Hawaii. 

The total importations of dutiable foreign goods into the Eepublic 
of Hawaii from all countries except the United States in the year 1897 
were $1,920,824.67, and in the first six months of 1898 were $1,169,153.13. 
The total exports from Hawaii in 1897 amounted to $16,021,775.19, 
being greater than in any single year in the history of the islands. 

The preliminary portion of this report has been mainly descriptive 
of the Hawaiian Islands, the inhabitants, the existing institutions, the 
public domain, the productions, the climate, the harbors and shipping 
facilities, and various conditions of general "interest. The following 
portion is mainly devoted to a discussion of the legislation proposed 
by the commission, and giving in the appendix the various reports 
received, and copies of the bills proposed for the consideration of 
Congress. 

The bill herewith presented for the consideration of Congress is 
deemed by the commission to be such a measure for the government 
of the Hawaiian Islands as will best promote the interests of their 
people, at the same time that it promotes the interests and maintains 
the sovereignty of the people of the United States. In the judgment 
of the commission, these islands should be erected by law into a 
Territory of the United States, which should be styled "The Territory 
of Hawaii." The name now generally given to the group should be 
retained for the reason that it has for years borne the general name of 
its principal island, "Hawaii," which has become thoroughly estab- 
lished as a proper geographic name. The island of Hawaii is 4,210 
square miles in extent, and has about two-thirds of the area of the 
entire group. The name has very properly, therefore, long attached 
to the group, and there seems to be no reason for making any change 
not required by the new conditions. 

The name and, by inference, the general form of the new government 
having been determined, we found next pressing upon us the question 
of citizenship and its related subject, the right of suffrage. After due 
consideration we determined to present our formulated recommenda- 
tions in section 4 of the bill as to citizenship of the United States, and 
in subsequent sections as to the qualifications of voters. 

Section 4 of the bill provides that — 

All white persons, including Portuguese, and persons of African descent, and all 
persons descended from the Hawaiian race, on either the paternal or maternal side, 
who were citizens of the Republic of Hawaii immediately prior to the transfer of the 
sovereignty thereof to the United States, are hereby declared to be citizens of the 
United States. 

The legislature, to be styled "The legislature of the Territory of 
Hawaii," is to consist of two houses — a senate and a house of repre- 



14 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

seutatives — to organize and sit separately, and is to be elected at a 
general election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday 
in November, 1899, and biennially thereafter. The supreme court is to 
be the judge of the legality of election to a seat in either house in 
cases of contest, and the sole judge of who has been elected. No mem- 
ber of the legislature is to be eligible for appointment or election to 
any office of the Territory, and no officer or employee, notary public, or 
agent of the Territory shall be eligible to election as a legislator; and 
no person who, having been entitled to qualify and vote prior to Octo- 
ber, 1897, and since July, 1894, failed to register as such voter, shall 
have a vote, unless he shall take an oath to support the Constitution 
of the United States. 

Every officer of the Territory and every member of the legislature 
shall take a prescribed oath to support the Constitution and laws of 
the United States. 

Legislators shall receive $400 for each regular session, in addition to 
10 cents a mile each way as mileage, and $200 for each extra session. 

In voting for representatives in the legislature, each voter may cast 
as many votes as there are representatives to be elected from his dis- 
trict, and may cast them all for one representative, or apportion them 
among the representatives as he shall see fit, avoiding fractional divi- 
sions of a vote. 

THE SENATE. 

The membership of the senate is fixed at 15, to hold office for four 
years, but providing that of the senators elected at the first general 
election 2 from the first district, 1 from the second, 3 from the third, 
and 1 from the fourth district shall hold for two years only. The dis- 
tricts are specifically described, and the following number of senators 
apportioned to each : 

First district 4 

Second district 3 

Third district 6 

Fourth district 2 

A senator must be a male citizen of the United States, 30 years of 
age, have resided in the Territory three years, be the owner in his own 
right of $2,000 worth of property, or have during the preceding year 
received $1,000 income. 

THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

The membership of the house of representatives is fixed at 30, to be 
elected every second year from 6 districts, composed as specified, giv- 
ing the first, second, and sixth districts each 4 representatives, and the 
third, fourth, and fifth districts each 6 representatives. 

To be eligible for election as representative a person shall have 
attained the age of 25 years; be a male citizen of the United States; . 
have resided in the Territory three years, and shall either own prop- 
erty in the Territory worth $500 or have received a money income of 
not less than $250 during the preceding year. 

QUALIFICATIONS FOR VOTERS FOR REPRESENTATIVES. 

To be qualified to vote for representative, a pejrson — 

(1) Shall be a male citizen of the United States; 

(2) Have resided in the Territory for one year preceding, and in the 
district three months preceding the time he offers to register^ 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 15 

(3) Shall have attained the age of 21 years; 

(4) Prior to the election during the time prescribed by law have 
caused his name to be entered on the register of voters for representa- 
tive for his district; 

(5) Prior to such registration have paid on or before March 31 next 
preceding the date of registration all taxes due by him to the govern- 
ment; 

(6) Be able understanding^ to speak, read, and write the English or 
Hawaiian language. 

QUALIFICATIONS FOR VOTER FOR SENATORS. 

To be qualified to vote for senators, a person must possess all the 
qualifications and be subject to all the conditions required by this act 
for voters for representatives, and, in addition thereto, shall own and 
possess in his own right real property worth $1,000, upon which valua- 
tion legal taxes shall have been paid for the year preceding that in 
which he offers to register, or shall have actually received a money 
income of not less than $600 during the year next preceding the 1st 
day of April next preceding the date of such registration. 

REGISTRATION. 

Five new boards of registration, of three members each, shall be 
appointed by the governor, with the advice of the senate, for terms of 
four years, for the five registration districts composed as specified, to 
take the place of the existing boards of registration. Such new regis- 
tration boards shall meet to register persons entitled to vote for sena- 
tors and representatives at such times between August 31 and October 
10, 1899, and each second year thereafter, as maybe necessary to enable 
them to register all persons entitled to registry. Personal appearance 
of an applicant is required to entitle him to registry. 

The first session of the legislature shall convene at Honolulu on the 
third Wednesday in February, 1900. 

Sessions not to continue longer than sixty days. 

The offices of president, minister of foreign affairs, finance, public 
instruction, auditor-general, deputy auditor-general, surveyor-general, 
and marshal are abolished. 

The bill contains provisions for the government of the Territory, giv- 
ing it executive, legislative, and judicial officers. A governor, secre- 
tary of the Territory, a United States district judge, a United States 
district attorney, and a United States marshal are to be appointed by 
the President, and an internal-revenue district and a customs district 
are created. 

The governor shall possess the veto power, and may veto specific items 
in bills which appropriate money for specific purposes. The two houses 
may override the veto by a two-thirds vote. 

The legislature may create town, city, or county municipalities. 

An appropriation of $5,000 is recommended to enable the United 
States Fish Commissioner to examine the status of the fishing rights 
and to report upon the fisheries of the Territory. 

It also provides that foreign goods and articles imported into the 
islands after July 7, 1898, shall, if afterwards brought into the United 
States, pay the same duties charged upon like articles when imported 
from any foreign country. 



16 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

It also provides for the election of a Delegate to the House of Repre- 
sentatives in Congress, for each Congress, by the voters qualified to 
vote for representatives in the legislature, this Delegate to possess the 
same powers and privileges now accorded to other Delegates in 
Congress. 

The existing laws of Hawaii not inconsistent with the Constitution 
and the laws of the United States or of this act shall continue in force, 
subject to repeal or amendment by the legislature of Hawaii or by 
Congress. 

The laws of Hawaii relating to public or Government lands continue 
in force until changed by Congress. No leases of agricultural lands 
shall, however, be granted, sold, or renewed for a longer term than five 
years, unless Congress shall direct. The officers of the Territory shall 
be an attorney-general, with similar powers and duties as now pos- 
sessed by the attorney-general of the Republic of Hawaii, except as 
changed by this act or by the legislature, and a treasurer, with similar 
powers and duties to the present minister of finance, and such powers 
and duties regarding licenses, corporations, companies, and partner- 
ships, and registration of prints, labels, and trade marks as are now 
possessed by the minister of the interior, except as changed by this 
act or by the legislature; also a superintendent of public works, a 
superintendent of public instruction, an auditor and a deputy auditor, 
a surveyor, with the powers and duties of a surveyor general, and a 
chief sheriff to succeed to the duties of marshal of the Republic, are 
to be appointed by the governor. 

The laws of Hawaii relating to agriculture and forestry are continued 
in force, except as they may be modified by Congress or the legislature. 
The Secretary of Agriculture is charged with the duties of examining 
the laws of Hawaii relating to agriculture, forestry, public lands, and 
public roads and reporting thereon to the President. 

There shall also be appointed by the governor a chief justice and 
two associate justices of the supreme court, the judges of the circuit 
court, the members of the board of health, commissioners of public 
instruction, prison inspectors, boards of registration, inspectors of 
election, and other public boards that may be created by law. 

The bill provides that the Constitution and laws of the United States 
locally applicable shall have the same force and effect in the Territory 
of Hawaii as elsewhere in the United States. This is the usual pro- 
vision found in the acts of Congress providing for the establishment of 
Territorial governments in the United States heretofore. Such a pro- 
vision is very important in this bill for many reasons, among which may 
be mentioned the continued importation of coolie labor into Hawaii. It 
has been the policy of the Government of Hawaii, before and since the 
establishment of the Republic, to import men under labor contracts for 
a term of years, at the expiration of which they are to return to the 
countries from which they came. Those brought in are mainly from 
China and Japan. 

Since the act of Congress annexing Hawaii was passed prohibiting 
Chinese immigration the Hawaiian sugar planters have seemed to be 
making an unusual effort in securing the importation of Japanese labor- 
ers, fearing trouble and embarrassment on account of insufficient labor 
for the care and carrying on of their sugar plantations. Of course it 
becomes necessary to extend our labor laws over the islands, so as to 
prohibit all kinds of foreign contract labor from ceming to the Territory, 
first, because it is the policy of this country to keep out all kinds of 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 17 

cheap foreign labor, including coolie labor, and thereby prevent such 
labor from interfering with the wages of American labor, and, secondly, 
to protect our manufactured products from competition with manufac- 
tured goods produced by cheap alien labor. The general laws of the 
United States will place the people of the Territory on the same footing 
with the people of the States and of other Territories of the United 
States in regard to foreign labor. 

The question whether white labor can be profitably utilized in the 
sugar plantations is yet a problem; but the planters are preparing to 
give such labor a trial, and some of tliem believe it will prove superior 
to the labor of either Chinese or Japanese. 

The majority of the commission have not been able to agree with 
the suggestions of those who favor the creation of a "cabinet," or 
" advisory council," to aid the Territorial governor in his administra- 
tion of the affairs of the Territory of Hawaii. The commission hold 
however proper and convenient it might be to provide such an auxil- 
iary as a " cabinet" for the governor of a State, or for the chief execu- 
tive of a country, that it is unnecessary in a Territorial government, 
which is itself merely a subordinate and limited authority, under the 
close supervision of the President of the United States. The historv 
of the Territories of the United States, covering many years of expe- 
rience, has not, in the opinion of the commission, shown a necessity 
for the creation of any number of advisors. The powers of a Territo- 
rial governor are likely to be so clearly defined by the legislation of 
Congress and the laws of the Territory that there will hardly be need 
for such an establishment as an "executive" or "advisory" council. 

The fact that such a proposition is urged by a gentleman of great 
experience and wisdom, who has been of the greatest service in the 
past history of Hawaii in behalf of order and good government, has 
called the most careful attention of the commission to the subject, but 
we are unable to see that there is a logical demand or need for such an 
addition to the Territorial establishment of the United States. The 
argument that the Territorial governor might, arbitrarily, at the close 
of a session of a legislature remove the heads of departments, or other 
officials from office and commission new ones, whose commissions would 
be valid until the end of the next session of the senate, or nearly two 
years, does not strike the commission as being a valid reason for stay- 
ing the hand of a governor who is responsible directly to the President 
of the United States for his acts, and whose official existence is sub- 
ject to the will of the President. 

It is possible that the reasons presented by the minority of the com- 
mission might be deemed vital and important if the Territorial admin- 
istration was sovereign and not subordinate in character. We believe, 
however, that if the system proposed by the bill shall in practice prove 
to be obnoxious to the claim of the minority it will then be ample time 
for Congress to change the proposed system. 

Much has been said to the effect that the policy or scheme of govern- ' 
ment for the HaAvaiian Islands will be taken and accepted as an index 
or precedent to be followed in the plan of government for Porto Eico 
and the Philippines. In view of this apparent expectation or belief on 
the part of many good people in the United States, the commission 
deem it proper to say that the people of Hawaii are capable of self- | 
government, and have proven this by the establishment of the Republic 
of Hawaii and the adoption of a constitution and code of laws which 
will compare favorably with those of any other government, and under 
such constitution and laws have maintained a stable government for 
HAW 2* 



18 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

1 several years worthy of a free people. The people of those islands are 
more or less familiar with the institutions and laws of the United 
States, while the laws of the little Eepublic are largely taken from the 
laws of this country. 

It can not be said that either the Porto Eicaus or the Philippihos are 
i at all familiar with our system of government, or with any other based 
on the principles of liberty. 

The underlying theory of our Government is the right of self- 
government, and a people must be fitted for self-government before 
they can be trusted with the responsibilities and duties attaching to 
free government. 

These remarks are made to negative the idea that because the people 
of the Hawaiian Islands can, in the judgment of the commission, be 
consistently given self-government to an extent almost equal to that 
given the people in the States, it can be safely inferred that other insular 
possessions which the United States have, or may acquire by treaty 
with Spain, can be granted equal freedom in government. 

In the organization of the commission, the following committees were 
raised to consider and report upon various matters of importance: 

1. Agriculture — Mr. Dole. 11. Local taxation — Mr. Frear and Mr. 

2. Cables and telegraphs — Mr. Morgan Hitt. 

and Mr. Frear. 12. Postal service — Mr. Hitt and Mr. 

3. Claims — Mr. Frear and Mr. Hitt. Frear. 

4. Corporations — Mr. Hitt and Mr. Dole. 13. Public debt — Mr. Dole. 

5. Education — Mr. Cullom, Mr. Morgan, 14. Public lands — Mr. Cullom, Mr. Mor- 

and Mr. Frear. gan, and Mr. Dole. 

6. Finance — Mr. Cullom, Mr. Morgan, 15. Public property — Mr. Frear. 

Mr. Hitt, Mr. Dole, and Mr. Frear. 16. Tariff and internal revenue — Mr. Hitt 

7. Fisheries— Mr. Frear and Mr. Morgan. and Mr. Dole. 

8. Harbors and coasts — Mr. Dole and 17. Judiciary — Mr. Morgan and Mr. 

Mr. Hitt. • Frear. 

9. Health and quarantine — Mr. Morgan 18. Local and executive offices — Mr. Dole 

and Mr. Frear. and Mr. Frear. 

10. Immigration and labor — Mr. Cullom, 19. Committee to draft bills — Mr. Cullom, 
Mr. Morgan, and Mr. Dole. Mr. Dole, and Mr. Hitt. 

The reports made by these committees in part supplied the informa- 
tion which has enabled the commission to prepare and agree upon the 
bill which is herewith presented, "To provide a government for the 
Territory of Hawaii," and are printed in the appendix. 

The commission also presents two additional bills, the passage of 
which is made necessary by the existing conditions. One of these is en- 
titled "A bill relating to Hawaiian silver coinage and silver certificates." 
It provides that un mutilated Hawaiian silver coins shall be received at 
par value in payment of all dues to the government of the Territory of 
Hawaii and of the United States, and shall not again be issued, but 
shall on presentation in sums of $500 to either government be pur- 
chased and recoined as bullion at the United States mint at San Fran- 
cisco. All Hawaiian silver certificates shall be redeemed by the 
Territory of Hawaii on or before January 1, 1902. 

The other is entitled U A bill relating to postal savings banks in 
Hawaii," which repeals the Hawaiian laws establishing postal savings 
banks, and directs the Secretary of the Treasury to pay the amounts 
on deposit in the postal savings banks in Hawaii to the persons entitled 
thereto, terminating the interest on all deposits on and after the 1st 
of July, 1899, and forbidding further deposits after that date. 

The commission has performed the work assigned to it by the Presi- 
dent under the joint resolution providing for the annexation of the 
Hawaiian Islands, and they venture to express the hope that it may be 
deemed satisfactory by Congress and the country. 

S. M. Cullom, Chairman. 



THE HAWAIIAN COMMISSION. 



MINORITY REPORT. 

With the exception herein stated, I substantially indorse the majority 
report of the commission. 

It has been a matter of sincere gratification to me that its work has 
been upon conservative lines, and tliat the Hawaiian civil system — the 
result of sixty years of growth — has been so slightly affected by its 
conclusions. 

I have, however, been compelled to differ from my associates in rela- 
tion to certain features of the executive power of the Territory as recom- 
mended by them. 

The political troubles of the Hawaiian community, culminating in the 
downfall of the monarchy, were mainly due to the persistent effort ot 
successive sovereigns to acquire unlimited personal power. 

Upon the organization of the Republic of Hawaii great pains were 
taken to eliminate the possibility of a return of such source of public 
danger. The experience gained in the administration of the Provisional 
Government was of great assistance in working out this problem. 

The system adopted placed the executive power in a council of five 
persons, made up of the president and the heads of the four executive 
departments. Action by the executive council requires a majority, 
including the president's vote. The heads of the executive departments 
are the constitutional advisers of the president upon questions of public 
policy, appointments, and other matters of importance, and are appointed 
and removed by him, with the approval of the senate. The president 
and three members of the cabinet may remove the fourth member. The 
heads of the executive departments have the appointment and removal 
of the heads of the executive bureaus in their respective departments, 
subject to the approval of the president. The heads of the bureaus 
have the appointment and removal of their subordinate officers, subject 
to the approval of the heads of the departments to which their respec- 
tive bureaus belong. 

It was considered impracticable to hold an executive officer responsi- 
ble for the successful administration of his department or bureau 
without giving him substantially the selection of his immediate 
subordinates. 

This system has worked satisfactorily, giving the government the 
confidence of the* public. 

While, with some misgivings, I have assented to the provisions of 
the majority report, which place the executive power of the Territory in 
the hands of one individual and do away with the executive council, I 
am unable to accept those which confer upon the governor the appoint- 
ment of all subordinate officers, and which, while giving him the 
appointment of heads of departments, with the approval of the senate, 
permit him to remove them without such approval, a power not enjoyed 
by the President of the United States. Nor can I agree to the absence 

19 



20 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

of any provisions whatever limitlog or checking the governor's executive 
power under the laws, excepting as to the approval of the senate 
required in certain appointments. 

The weight of these objections will be better understood in view of 
the recommendation of the commissioners that the legislature shall 
hold regular sessions but once in two years as heretofore, which cir- 
cumstance would furnish the governor with the opportunity, if he 
should choose to utilize it, of removing any or all heads of departments 
immediately after the termination of the regular session of the legisla- 
ture and filling their places with persons whose commissions would be 
valid until the end of the next session of the senate, which might not 
occur for nearly two years. By this means a governor, acting within 
his authority, could substantially evade the provision requiring these 
appointments to be approved by the senate. 

Performances of like character under the monarchy are too fresh 
in the minds of the Hawaiian community to permit them to contem- 
plate without dismay the possibility of a repetition thereof. 

The governor, under the provisions of the act recommended by the 
commission, will have less check to his administration of affairs than 
was the case with the sovereigns under the monarchy, excepting only 
in the matter of tenure of office. Moreover, the features of the exist- 
ing Hawaiian civil system, which compel a certain amount of publicity 
in all administrative acts, are swept away, and the governor may act in 
absolute secrecy, or, if he shall be so inclined, with the advice and under 
the influence of any persons he may choose to admit to his deliberations. 

This feature of the proposed executive status, it will be seen, might 
expose the governor to influences hostile to the public good, and pos- 
sibly to great and constantly recurring temptations to subordinate 
public to private interests. 

The provision of the Hawaiian system which compels the president 
to consult his constitutional advisers lessens this danger. 

Besides, this beneficial result of the existing system is the safeguard 
that it guarantees to the administration of public affairs through the 
diminished liability of the best of men to make mistakes when assisted 
by the judgment of others. 

Hawaiian administration of affairs includes the conduct of a land 
system which provides for the disposal of the public lands in different 
ways and in areas varying in extent and often of great value, which 
are sometimes so situated as to be of pronounced importance to the 
public interests of agriculture and forestry. 

It is submitted that it is most desirable that the consideration of 
these questions should not be left to the private judgment of one man, 
unassisted save perhaps by the pressing demands of capitalists and 
corporations. 

For these reasons I recommend that the bill reported by the Hawaiian 
Commission be amended by the addition of the following paragraph, 
to wit: 

"[AMENDMENT. 

" Sec. — . The treasurer, attorney-general, superintendent of public 
instruction, commissioner of public lands, commissioner of agriculture 
and forestry, and superintendent of public works may be removed by 
the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. 

"The governor shall appoint the subordinate officers of the said 
respective heads of departments, but only on the nomination of the 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 21 

heads of those departments to which said subordinate officers respect- 
ively belong. 

" The said heads of departments shall be the special counselors of the 
governor, and shall be consulted by him concerning all matters of pub- 
lic policy, disposition of public lands, appointments to office, and other 
matters of importance concerning which action is contemplated j but 
the governor shall not be bound to follow their advice." 

Or, as an alternative proposition to the last paragraph: 

" The treasurer, attorney-general, superintendent of public works, and 
commissioner of public lands sliall be the special counselors of the 
governor, and shall be consulted by him concerning all matters of pub- 
lic policy, disposition of public lands, appointments to office, and other 
matters of importance concerning which action is contemplated ; but 
the governor shall not be bound to follow their advice." 

Sanford B. Dole. 

Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, November 9, 1898, 



A BILL to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled: 

Chapter I. — General Provisions. 

DEFINITIONS. 

Section 1. That the phrase " the laws of Hawaii," as used in this act 
without qualifying words, shall mean the constitution and laws of the 
Republic of Hawaii, including regulations haviug the effect of law and 
the decisions of the supreme court in force immediately prior to the 
transfer of the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Islands to the United 
States of America. 

The constitution and statute laws of the Eepublic of Hawaii then in 
force, set forth in a compilation made by Sidney M. Ballou under the 
authority of the legislature, and published in two volumes entitled 
"Civil Laws" and "Penal Laws," respectively, and in the Session Laws 
of the Legislature for the session of eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, 
are referred to in this act as "Civil Laws," "Penal Laws," and "Session 
Laws." 

TERRITORY OF HAWAII. 

Seo. 2. That the islands acquired by the United States of America 
under an act of Congress entitled "Joint resolution to provide for 
annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States," approved July 
seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, shall be known as the 
Territory of Hawaii. 

GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII. 

Seo. 3. That a Territorial government, to be known as the "Govern- 
ment of Hawaii," is hereby established over the said Territory, with its 
capital at Honolulu, on the island of Oahu. 

CITIZENSHIP. 

Sec. 4. That all white persons, including Portuguese, and persons of 
African descent, and all persons descended from the Hawaiian race on 
either the paternal or maternal side who were citizens of the Republic 
of Hawaii immediately prior to the transfer of the sovereignty thereof 
to the United States, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United 
States. 

APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sec. 5. That the Constitution and all the laws of the United States 
locally applicable, except as herein otherwise provided, shall have the 
«une force and effect within the said Territory as elsewhere in the 
22 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 16 

United States : Provided, That sections eighteen hundred and fifty and 
eighteen hundred and ninety of the Revised Statutes of the United 
States shall not apply to the Territory of Hawaii. 

LAWS OF HAWAII. 

Sec. 6. That the laws of Hawaii, not inconsistent with the Constitu- 
tion or laws of the United States or the provisions of this act, shall 
continue in force, subject to repeal or amendment by the legislature of 
Hawaii or the Congress of the United States. 

Sec. 7. That the constitution of the Eepublic of Hawaii and the laws 
of Hawaii set forth in the following acts, chapters, and sections of the 
civil laws, penal laws, and session laws, and relating to the following 
subjects, are hereby repealed: 

Civil Laws : Sections two and three, Promulgation of laws ; chap- 
ter five, Flag and seal; sections thirty to thirty-three, Tenders for 
supplies; chapter seven, Minister of foreign affairs; chapter eight, 
Diplomatic and consular agents ; sections one hundred and thirty-lour 
and one hundred and thirty-five, National museum; chapter twelve, 
Education of Hawaiian youths abroad; sections one hundred and fifty 
to one hundred and fifty-sis, Aid to board of education; chapter four- 
teen, Minister of the interior; sections one hundred and sixty-six to 
one hundred and sixty-eight, one hundred and seventy-four, and one 
hundred and seventy-five, Government lands; section one hundred and 
ninety, Board of commissioners of public lands; section four hundred 
and twenty-four. Bureau of agriculture and forestry; chapter thirty- 
one, agriculture and manufactures; chapter thirty -two, Ramie; chapter 
thirty-three, Taro flour; chapter thirty-four, Development of resources; 
chapter thirty-five, Agriculture; section four hundred and seventy- 
seven, Brands; chapter thirty-seven, Patents; chapter thirty-eight, 
Copyrights; sections five hundred and fifty-six and five hundred and 
fifty-seven, Railroad subsidy; chapter forty-seven, Pacific cable; chap- 
ter forty-eight, Hospitals; chapter fifty- one. Coins and currency; chap- 
ter fifty-four, Consolidation of public debt; chapter fifty-six, Post-office; 
chapter fifty-seven, Exemptions from postage; chapter fifty-eight, 
Postal savings bank; chapter sixty-two, Income tax; chapter sixty- 
five, Import duties; chapter sixty-six, Imports; chapter sixty-seven, 
Ports of entry and collection districts; chapter sixty-eight, Collectors; 
chapter sixty-nine, Registry of vessels; section ten hundred and eleven, 
Custom-house charges; section eleven hundred and two, Elections; 
section eleven huudred and thirty-two, Appointment of magistrate; 
last clause of first subdivision and. fifth subdivision of section eleven 
hundred and forty-four, first subdivision of section eleven hundred and 
forty- five, Jurisdiction; sections eleven hundred and seventy-three to 
eleven hundred and seventy-eight, Translation of decisions; section 
eleven hundred and eighty eight, Clerks of court; sections thirteen 
huudred and twenty-nine, thirteen hundred and thirty-one, thirteen 
hundred and thirty-two, thirteen hundred and forty-seven to thirteen 
hundred and fifty-four, juries; sections fifteen hundred and nine to fif- 
teen hundred and fourteen, Maritime matters; chapter one hundred 
and two, Naturalization; section sixteen hundred and seventy-eight, 
Habeas corpus; chapter one hundred and eight, Arrest of debtors; 
subdivisions six, seven, ten, twelve to fourteen of section seventeen 
hundred and thirty-six, Garnishment; sections seventeen hundred and 
fifty- five to seventeen hundred and fifty-eight, Liens on vessels; and 
sections eighteen hundred and twenty eight to eighteen hundred and 
thirty -two, Water rights. 



24 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Penal Laws: Chapter six, Treason; sections sixty-five to sixty- 
seven, Foot binding; chapter seventeen, Violation of postal laws; sec- 
tion three hundred and fourteen, Blasphemy; sections three hundred 
and seventy-one to three hundred and seventy-two, Vagrants ; sections 
four hundred and eleven to four hundred and thirteen, Manufacture of 
liquors; chapter forty-three, Offenses on the high seas and other waters ; 
sections five hundred and ninety-five and six hundred and two to six 
hundred and five, Jurisdiction; section six hundred and twenty- three, 
Procedure; sections seven hundred and seven hundred and one, 
Imports; section seven hundred and fifteen, Auction license; section 
seven hundred and forty-five, Commercial travelers; sections seven 
hundred and forty-eight to seven hundred and fifty-five, Firearms; sec- 
tions seven hundred and ninety-six to eight hundred and nine, Coasting 
trade; sections eight hundred and eleven and eight hundred and twelve, 
Peddling foreign goods; sections eight hundred and thirteen to eight 
hundred and fifteen, Importation of live stock; section eight hundred 
and nineteen, Imports; sections eight hundred and eighty- six to nine 
hundred and six, Quarantine; section eleven hundred and thirty-seven, 
Consuls and consular agents; chapter sixty-seven, Whale ships; sec- 
tions eleven hundred and forty-five to eleven hundred and seventy-nine 
and twelve hundred and four to twelve hundred and nine, Arrival, 
entry, and departure of vessels; chapters sixty-nine to seventy-six, 
Navigation and other matters within the exclusive jurisdiction of the 
United States; sections thirteen hundred and forty- seven and thirteen 
hundred and forty-eight, Fraudulent exportation; chapter seventy- 
eight, Masters and servants; chapter ninety- three, Immigration; sec- 
tions sixteen hundred and one, sixteen hundred and eight, and sixteen 
hundred and twelve, Agriculture and forestry; chapter ninety-six, Sedi- 
tious offenses, and chapter ninety -nine, Sailing regulations. 

Session Laws: Act fifteen, Elections; act twenty-six, Duties; act 
twenty-seven, Exemptions from duties; act thirty- two, Eegistry of ves- 
sels; section four of act thirty eight, Importation of live stock; act 
forty-eight, Pacific cable; act sixty-five, Consolidation of public debt; 
act sixty-six, Ports of entry, and act sixty-eight, Chinese immigration. 

CERTAIN OFFICES ABOLISHED. 

Sec. 8. That the offices of President, minister of foreign affairs, min- 
ister of the interior, minister of finance, minister of public instruction, 
auditor-general, deputy auditor-general, surveyor-general, marshal, and 
deputy marshal of the Eepublic of Hawaii are hereby abolished. 

AMENDMENT OF OFFICIAL TITLES. 

Sec. 9. That wherever the words "President of the Eepublic of 
Hawaii," or "Eepublic of Hawaii," or " Government of the Eepublic ©f 
Hawaii," or their equivalents, occur in the laws of Hawaii, they are 
hereby amended to read "governor of the Territory of Hawaii," or 
"Territory of Hawaii," or "Government of Hawaii," or their equiva- 
lents, as the context requires. 

CONSTRUCTION OF EXISTING- STATUTES. 

Sec. 10. That all obligations, contracts, actions, prosecutions, and 
judgments existing and valid prior to the taking effect of this act shall 
continue to be as effectual as if this act had not been passed, and those 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 25 

in favor of or against the Eepublic of Hawaii, and not assumed by or 
transferred to the United States, shall be equally valid in favor of or 
against the government of Hawaii. All offenses which by statute then 
in force were punishable as offenses against the Eepublic of Hawaii 
shall be punishable as offenses against the government of Hawaii, 
unless such statute is inconsistent with this act or shall be repealed or 
changed by law. All criminal and penal proceedings then pending in 
the courts of the Eepublic of Hawaii shall be prosecuted to final judg- 
ment and execution in the name of the government of Hawaii; all such 
proceedings, all actions at law, suits in equity, and other proceedings 
then pending in the courts of the Eepublic of Hawaii shall be carried 
on to final judgment and execution in the corresponding courts of the 
government of Hawaii, and all process issued and sentences imposed 
before this act takes effect shall be as valid as if issued or imposed in 
the name of the government of Hawaii. 

STYLE OF PROCESS. 

Sec. 11. That the style of all process shall be "The government of 
Hawaii," and all prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by 
the authority of the government of Hawaii. 

Chapter II. — The Legislature 

THE LEGISLATIVE POWER. 

Sec. 12. That the legislature of the Territory of Hawaii shall con- 
sist of two houses, styled the senate and house of representatives, which 
shall organize and sit separately, except as otherwise herein provided. 

The two houses shall be styled. "The legislature of the Territory of 
Hawaii." 

Sec. 13. That no person shall sit as a senator or representative in the 
legislature unless elected under and in conformity with this act. 

GENERAL ELECTIONS. 

Sec. 14. That a general election shall be held on the Tuesday next 
after the first Monday in November, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, 
and every second year thereafter. 

SUPREME COURT JUDGE OF QUALIFICATIONS OF MEMBERS. 

Sec. 15. That in case any election to a seat in either house is dis- 
puted and legally contested^ the supreme court shall be the sole judge 
of whether or not a legal election for such seat has been held; and, if 
it shall find that a legal election has been held, it shall be the sole 
judge of who has been elected. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS OF LEGISLATORS. 

Sec. 16. That no member of the legislature shall, during the term 
for which he is elected, be appointed by the governor or elected to any 
office of the government of Hawaii. 



26 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS OF GOVERNMENT OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES. 

Sec. 17. That no person holding office in, or under, or by authority 
of, the government, including notaries public and agents to take 
acknowledgments, nor any employee of said government, shall be 
eligible to election to the legislature or to hold the position of a mem- 
ber of the same while holding said office, nor shall any person be enti- 
tled to vote at any general election in the Territory of Hawaii prior to 
nineteen hundred and three, who, having been entitled to qualify and 
vote under the constitution and laws of Hawaii prior to October, 
eighteen hundred and ninety- seven, and since July, eighteen hundred 
and ninety- four, failed to register as such voter, unless he shall take an 
oath to support the Constitution of the United States. But this dis- 
qualification shall not apply to any person so entitled to a vote at a 
general election who was prevented from registering as a voter by 
reason of sickness or necessary absence from the Hawaiian Islands. 

DISQUALIFICATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES. 

Sec. 18. That no idiot or insane person, and no person who shall be 
expelled from the legislature for giving or receiving bribes or being 
accessory thereto, and no person who, in due course of law, shall have 
been convicted of larceny, bribery, gross cheat, or of any criminal 
offense punishable by imprisonment, whether with or without hard 
labor, for a term exceeding two years, whether with or without fine, shall 
register to vote or shall vote or hold any office in, or under, or by 
authority of, the government, unless the person so convicted shall have 
been pardoned and restored to his civil rights. 

OATH OF OFFICE. 

Sec. 19. That every member of the legislature, and all officers of 
the government of Hawaii, shall take the following oath or affirmation: 

I solemnly swear (or affirm), in the presence of Almighty God, that 
I will faithfully support the Constitution and laws of the United States, 
and conscientiously and impartially discharge my duties as a member 
of the legislature, or as an officer of the government of Hawaii (as the 
case may be). 

OFFICERS AND RULES. 

Sec. 20. That the senate and house of representatives shall each 
choose its own officers, determine the rules of its own proceedings, not 
inconsistent with this act, and keep a journal. 

AYES AND NOES. 

Sec. 21. That the ayes and noes of the members on any question 
shall, at the desire of one-third of the members present, be entered on 
the journal. 

QUORUM. 

Sec. 22. That a majority of the number of members to which each 
house is entitled shall constitute a quorum of such house for the con- 
duct of ordinary business, of which quorum a majority vote shall 
suffice; but the final passage of a law in each house. shall require the 
vote of a majority of all the members to which such house is entitled. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 27 

Sec. 23. That a smaller number than a quorum may adjourn from 
day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members, in such 
manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Sec. 24. That for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is a 
quorum present, the chairman shall count the number of members 
present. 

PUNISHMENT OF PERSONS NOT MEMBERS. 

Sec. 25. That each house may punish by fine, or by imprisonment 
not exceeding thirty days, any person not a member of either house 
who shall be guilty of disrespect of such house by any disorderly or 
contemptuous behavior in its presence; or 

Who shall, on account of the exercise of any legislative function, 
threaten harm to the body or estate of any of the members of such 
house j or 

Who shall assault, arrest, or detain any witness or other person 
ordered to attend such house, on his way going to or returning there- 
from ; or 

Who shall rescue any person arrested by order of such house. 

But the person charged with the offense shall be informed, in writing, 
of the charge made against him, and have an opportunity to present 
evidence and be heard in his own defense. 

COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS. 

Sec. 26. That the members of the legislature shall receive for their 
services, in addition to mileage at the rate of ten cents a mile each 
way, the sum of four hundred dollars for each regular session of the 
legislature, payable in three equal installments on and after the first, 
thirtieth, and fiftieth days of the session, and the sum of two hundred 
dollars for each extra session of the legislature. 

PUNISHMENT OF MEMBERS. 

Sec. 27. That each house may punish its own members for disorderly 
behavior or neglect of duty, by censure, suspension, or expulsion. 

EXEMPTION FROM LIABILITY. 

Sec. 28. That no member of the legislature shall be held to answer 
before any other tribunal for any words uttered in the exercise of his 
legislative functions in either house. 

EXEMPTION FROM ARREST. 

Sec. 29. That the members of the legislature shall, in all cases except 
treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during 
their attendance at the sessions of the respective houses; and in going 
to and returning from the same: Provided, That such privilege as to 
going and returning shall not cover a period of over ten days each way. 

The Senate. 

number of members. 

Sec. 30. That the senate shall be composed of fifteen members, who 
shall hold office for four years : Provided, however, That of the senators 



28 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

elected at the first general election, two from the first district, one from 
the second, three from the third, and one from the fourth district shall 
hold office for two years only, the details of such apportionment to be 
provided for by the legislature. 

VACANCIES. 

Sec. 31. That vacancies caused by death, resignation, or otherwise 
shall be filled for the unexpired term at special elections. 

SENATORIAL DISTRICTS. 

Sec. 32. That for the purpose of representation in the Senate, until 
otherwise provided by law, the Territory is divided into the following 
senatorial districts, viz: 

First district: The island of Hawaii. 

Second district: The islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoo- 
lawe. 

Third district: The island of Oahu. 

Fourth district: The islands of Kauai and jSTiihau. 

Sec. 33. That the electors in the said districts shall be entitled to 
elect senators as follows: 

In the first district, four; 

In the second district, three; 

In the third district, six; 

In the fourth district, two. 

QUALIFICATIONS OF SENATORS. 

Sec. 34. That in order to be eligible to election as a senator, a person 
shall : 

Be a male citizen of the United States; 

Have attained the age of thirty years; 

Have resided in the Hawaiian Islands not less than three years; be 
the owner, in his own right, of property in the Territory of the value 
of not less than two thousand dollars; or have been in receipt of a 
money income of not less than one thousand dollars during the year 
immediately preceding the date of the election. 

The House of Eepresentatives. 

number of representatives. 

Sec. 35. That the house of representatives shall be composed of thirty 
members, elected, except as herein provided, every second year. 

TERM OF OFFICE. 

Sec. 36. That the term of office of the representatives elected at any 
general or special election shall be until the next general election held 
thereafter. 

VACANCIES. 

Sec. 37. That vacancies caused by death, resignation, or otherwise 
shall be filled for the unexpired term at special elections. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 29 

REPRESENTATIVE DISTRICTS. 

Sec. 38. That, for the purpose of representation in the house of rep- 
resentatives until otherwise provided by law, the Territory is divided 
into the following representative districts, namely: 

First district: That portion of the island of Hawaii known as Puna, 
Hilo, and Hamakua. 

Second district: That portion of the island of Hawaii known as Kau, 
Kona, and Kohala. 

Third district: The islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe. 

Fourth district: That portion of the island of Oahu lying east and 
south of JSTuuanu street and a line drawn in extension thereof from the 
Nuuanu Pali to Mokapu Point. 

Fifth district: That portion of the island of Oahu lying west and 
north of the fourth district. 

Sixth district: The islands of Kauai and Niihau. 

APPORTIONMENT. 

Sec. 39. That the electors in the said districts shall be entitled to 
elect representatives as follows : 
In the first district, four; 
In the second district, four; 
In the third district, six ; 
In the fourth district, six; 
In the fifth district, six ; 
In the sixth district, four. 

QUALIFICATIONS OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Sec. 40. That, in order to be eligible to be a member of the house of 
representatives, a person shall, at the time of election: 

Have attained the age of twenty-five years; 

Be a male citizen of the United States; 

Have resided in the Hawaiian Islands not less than three years; 

And shall either own property in the Territory worth not less than 
five hundred dollars or have received a money income of not less than 
two hundred and fifty dollars during the twelve months immediately 
preceding the date of election. 

Legislation. 

sessions of the legislature. 

Sec. 41. That the first regular session of the legislature shall be 
held on the third Wednesday in February, nineteen hundred, and bien- 
nially thereafter, in Honolulu. 

Sec. 42. That neither house shall adjourn during any session for 
more than three days, or sine die, without the consent of the other. 

Sec. 43. That if either house shall so adjourn without the consent of 
the other, the other house may proceed to legislate as though it were 
the sole legislative body, and may exercise the full powers of the legis- 
lature. 

Sec. 44. That each session of the legislature shall continue not longer 
than sixty days, excluding Sundays and holidays: Provided, hoiceccr, 
That the governor may extend such session for not more than thirty 
days. 



30 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

The governor may convene the legislature, or the senate alone, in 
Bpecial session; and in case the seat of government shall be unsafe 
from an enemy, riot, or insurrection, or any dangerous disease, direct 
that any regular or special session shall be held at some other than the 
regular meeting place. 

ENACTING CLAUSE— ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 

Sec. 45. That the enacting clause of all laws shall be, "Beit enacted 
by the legislature of the Territory of Hawaii." 

All legislative proceedings shall be conducted in the English lan- 
guage. 

INTRODUCTION OF BILLS. 

Sec. 46. That no bill shall be introduced into either house by any 
member of such house unless it shall have first received thereon the 
written indorsement of three members of such house. 

TITLE OF LAWS. 

Sec. 47. That each law shall embrace but one subject, which shall 
be expressed in its title. 

READINGS OF BILLS. 

Sec. 48. That a bill in order to become a law shall, except as herein 
provided, pass three readings in each house, the final passage of which 
in each house shall be by a majority vote of all the members to which 
such house is entitled, taken by ayes and noes and entered upon its 
journal. 

CERTIFICATION OF BILLS FROM ONE HOUSE TO THE OTHER. 

Sec. 49. That every bill when passed by the house in which it origi- 
nated, or in which amendments thereto shall have originated, shall 
immediately be certified by the chairman and clerk and sent to the 
other house for consideration. 

SIGNING BILLS. 

Sec. 50. That, except as herein provided, all bills passed by the leg- 
islature shall, in order to be valid, be signed by the governor. 

VETO OF GOVERNOR. 

Sec. 51. That every bill which shall have passed the legislature 
shall be certified by the chairman and clerk of the house last consider- 
ing it, and shall thereupon be presented to the governor. If he 
approves it he shall sign it and it shall become a law. If the governor 
does not approve such bill, he may return it, with his objections, to 
the legislature. 

He may veto any specific item or items in any hill which appropriates 
money for specific purposes; but shall veto other bills, if at all, only as 
a whole. 



ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 31 

PROCEDURE UPON RECEIPT OF VETO. 

Sec. 52. That upon the receipt of a veto message from the governor, 
each house of the legislature shall enter the same at large upon its 
journal, and proceed to reconsider such bill, or part of a bill, and again 
vote upon it by ayes and noes, which shall be entered upon its journal. 

If after such reconsideration such bill, or part of a bill, shall be 
approved by a two-thirds vote of all the members to which each house 
is entitled, it shall thereby become law. 

FAILURE TO SIGN OR VETO. 

Sec. 53. That if the governor neither signs nor vetoes a bill within 
ten days after it is delivered to him, it shall become law without his 
signature, unless the legislature adjourns sine die prior to the expira- 
tion of such ten days. 

In computing such period of ten days Sundays and the day upon 
which the bill is delivered to the governor shall be excluded. 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

Sec. 54. That appropriations, except as otherwise herein provided, 
shall be made biennially by the legislature. 

Sec. 55. That the governor shall submit to the senate, at each regular 
session of the legislature, estimates for appropriations for the succeeding 
biennial period. 

Sec. 56. That in case of failure of the legislature to pass appropria- 
tion bills providing for payments of the necessary current expenses of 
carrying on the government and meeting its legal obligations as the 
same are provided for by the then existing laws, the governor shall, 
upon the adjournment of the legislature, call it in extra session for the 
consideration of appropriation bills, and until the legislature shall have 
acted the treasurer may, with the advice of the governor, make such 
payments, for which purpose the sums appropriated in the last appro- 
priation bill shall be deemed to have been reappropriated. 

legislative power. 

Sec. 57. That the legislative power of the Territory shall extend to 
all rightful subjects of legislation not inconsistent with the Constitu- 
tion and laws of the United States, locally applicable, and the provi- 
sions of this act, but the legislature shall not grant to any corporation, 
association, or individual any special or exclusive privilege, immunity, 
or franchise without the approval of Congress; nor shall it grant private 
charters, but it may by general act permit persons to associate themselves 
together as bodies corporate for manufacturing, agricultural, and other 
industrial pursuits, and for con ducting the business of insurance, savings 
banks, banks of discount and deposit (but not of issue), loan, trust, and 
guarantee associations, for the establishment and conduct of cemeteries, 
and for the construction and operation of railroads, wagon roads, ves- 
sels, and irrigating ditches, and the colonization and improvement of 
lands in connection therewith, or for colleges, seminaries, churches, 
libraries, or any other benevolent, charitable, or scientific association; 
nor shall any divorce be granted in the Territory unless the applicant 
therefor shall have resided in the Territory for one year next preceding 
the application, but this provision shall not affect any action pending 



32 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

when this act takes effect; nor shall any lottery or sale of lottery tickets be 
allowed; nor shall any public money be appropriated for the support or 
benefit of any sectarian, denominational, or private school, or any school 
not under the exclusive control of the government; nor shall the gov- 
ernment of Hawaii, or any political or municipal corporation or subdi- 
vision of the Territory, make any subscription to the capital stock of 
any incorporated company or in any manner loan its credit for the use 
thereof; nor shall any debt be authorized to be contracted by or on 
behalf of the Territory, or any political or municipal corporation or sub- 
division thereof, except to meet a casual deficit in the revenues, to pay 
the interest upon the existing indebtedness, to suppress insurrection, 
or to provide for the common defense, except that in addition to any- 
indebtedness created for such purposes the legislature may authorize 
loans by the Territory, or any such subdivision thereof, for the erection 
of penal, charitable, and educational institutions, and for public build- 
ings, wharves, roads, and harbor, and other public improvements, but 
the total of such indebtedness incurred in any one year by the Terri- 
tory or any subdivision shall not exceed one per centum upon the 
assessed value of taxable property of the Territory or subdivision 
thereof, as the case may be, as shown by the. last general assessment 
for taxation, and the total indebtedness for the Territory shall not at any 
time be extended beyond seven per centum of such assessed value, and 
the total indebtedness of any subdivision shall not at any time be 
extended beyond three per centum of such assessed value, but nothing 
in this provision shall prevent the refunding of any existing indebted- 
ness at any time; nor shall any such loan be made upon the credit of 
the public domain or any part thereof. No retrospective law shall be 
enacted. 

TOWN, CITY, AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 

Sec. 58. That the legislature may create town, city, and county 
municipalities within the Territory of Hawaii and provide for the gov- 
ernment thereof. 

Elections. 
exemption of electors on election day. 

Sec. 59. That every elector shall be privileged from arrest on election 
day during his attendance at election and in going to and returning 
therefrom, except in case of breach of the peace then committed, or in 
case of treason or felony. 

Sec. 60. That no elector shall be so obliged to perform military duty 
on the day of election as to prevent his voting, except in time of war or 
Xmblic danger, or in case of absence from his place of residence in actual 
military service, in which case provision may be made by law for taking 
his vote. 

METHOD OF VOTING FOR REPRESENTATIVES. 

Sec. 61. That each voter for representatives may cast as many votes 
as there are representatives to be elected from the representative dis- 
trict in which he is entitled to vote. He may jcast them all for one 
representative, or may apportion them among the several representa- 
tives in such manner as he sees fit: Provided, however, That any frac 
tional division of a vote shall be voia^. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 33 

The required number of candidates receiving the highest number of 
votes in the respective representative districts shall be the representa- 
tives for such districts. 

QUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS FOR REPRESENTATIVES. 

Sec. 62. That in order to be qualified to vote for representatives a 
person shall — 

First. Be a male citizen of the. United States. 

Second. Have resided in the Territory not less than one year preced- 
ing and in the representative district in which he offers to register not 
less than three months immediately preceding the time at which he 
offers to register. 

Third. Have attained the age of twenty-one years. 

Fourth. Prior to each regular election, during the time prescribed 
by law for registration, have caused his name to be entered on the 
register of voters for representatives for his district. 

Fifth. Prior to such registration have paid, on or before the thirty- 
first day of March next preceding the date of registration, all taxes 
due by him to the government. 

Sixth. Be able understandingly to speak, read, and write the English 
or Hawaiian language. 

METHOD OF VOTING FOR SENATORS. 

Sec. 63. That each voter for senators may cast one vote only for 
each senator to be elected from the senatorial district in which he is 
entitled to vote. 

The required number of candidates receiving the highest number of 
votes in the respective senatorial districts shall be the senators for such 
district. 

QUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS FOR SENATORS. 

Sec. 64. That in order to be qualified to vote for senators a person 
must possess all the qualifications and be subject to all the conditions 
required by this act of voters for representatives, and, in addition 
thereto, he shall own and be possessed in his own right of real prop- 
erty in the Territory of the value of not less than one thousand dollars, 
and upon which legal taxes shall have been paid on that valuation for 
the year next preceding the one in which such person offers to register; 
or shall have actually received a money income of not less than six 
hundred dollars during the year next preceding the first day of April 
next preceding the date of each registration. 

Sec. 65. That no person shall be allowed to vote who is in the Terri- 
tory by reason of being in the Army or Navy or attached to troops in 
the service of the United States. 

Sec. 66. That the rules and regulations for administering oaths and 
holding elections set forth in Ballou's Compilation, Civil Laws, Appen- 
dix, and the list of registering districts and precincts appended are con- 
tinued in force with the following changes, to wit : 

Strike out the preliminary proclamation and sections one to twenty- 
six inclusive, sections thirty and thirty-nine, the second and third para- 
graphs of section forty- eight, the second paragraph of section fifty, and 
sections sixty -two, sixty-three, and sixty-six. 

In section twenty-nine strike out all after the word "Mihau" and in 
lieu thereof insert: "The boards of registration existing at the date of 
haw 3* 



34 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

the approval of this act shall go out of office, and new boards, which 
shall consist of three members each, shall be appointed by the governor, 
by and with the advice and consent of the senate, whose terms of office 
shall be four years. Appointments made by the governor when the 
senate is not in session shall be valid until the succeeding meeting of 
that body." 

In section thirty-one strike out " the first day of April and the thirtieth 
day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-seven," and insert 
in lieu thereof "the last day of August and the tenth day of October, 
in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-nine." 

Strike out the words "and the detailed record" in sections fifty-two 
and one hundred and twelve. 

Strike out "marshal" wherever it occurs and insert in lieu thereof 
"chief sheriff." 

Strike out of section fifty-three the words "except as provided in 
section one hundred and fourteen hereof." 

In sections fifty-three, fifty-four, fifty-six, fifty-seven, fifty-nine, 
tsixty, seventy-one, seventy-five, eighty-six, ninety-two, ninety-three, 
ninety-four, ninety-five, one hundred and eleven, one hundred and 
twelve, and one hundred and thirteen strike out the words "minister" 
and "minister of the interior" wherever they occur, and insert in lieu 
thereof the words "secretary of the Territory." 

In section fifty-six, paragraph three, strike out "interior office" and 
insert "office of the secretary of the Territory." 

In section fifty-six, first paragraph, after the words "candidate for 
election" insert "to the legislature;" and in the last paragraph strike 
out the word "only." 

Strike out the word "elective" in section sixty-four. 

In sections twenty- seven, sixty-four, sixty-five, sixty-eight, seventy, 
and seventy- two strike out the words "minister of the interior" or 
"minister" wherever they occur and insert in lieu thereof the word 
" governor." 

Amend section sixty-seven so that it will read: "At least forty days 
before any election the governor shall issue an election proclamation 
and transmit copies of the same to the several boards of inspectors 
throughout the Territory or where such election is to be held." 

In section seventy-five strike out the word "perfectly," and in section 
seventy-six strikeout "in" and insert "on." 

In section one hundred and twelve strike out "interior department" 
and insert in lieu thereof "office of the secretary of the Territory." 

In section one hundred and fourteen strike out the word "Eepublic" 
wherever it occurs and insert in lieu thereof "Territory." 

In section one hundred and fifteen strike out the words "minister" 
and "minister of the interior" and insert in lieu thereof "treasurer," 
and strike out all after the word "refreshments." 

Sec. 67. That the legislature of the Territory may from time to time 
establish and alter the boundaries of election districts and voting pre- 
cincts and apportion the senators and representatives to be elected from 
such districts. 

Chapter 3. — The Executive. 

the executive power. 

Sec. 68. That the executive power of the government of Hawaii 
shall be vested in a governor, who shall be appointed by the Presi- 
dent, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall hold 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 35 

office for four years and until his successor shall be appointed and 
qualified, unless sooner removed by the President. He shall be not 
less than thirty-five years of age; shall reside within the Territory; 
shall be commander in chief of the militia thereof; may grant pardons 
or reprieves for offenses against the laws of the said Territory, and 
reprieves for offenses against the laws of the United States until the 
decision of the President is made known thereon. 

ENFORCEMENT OF LAW. 

Sec. 69. That the governor shall be responsible for the faithful exe- 
cution of the laws of the United States and of the Territory of Hawaii 
within the said Territory, and whenever it becomes necessary he may 
call upon the commanders of the military and naval forces of the 
United States in the Territory of Hawaii, or summon the posse comi- 
tatus, or call out the militia of the Territory to prevent or suppress 
lawless violence, invasion, insurrection, or rebellion in said Territory, 
and he may, in case of rebellion or invasion, or imminent danger 
thereof, when the public safety requires it, suspend the privilege of 
the writ of habeas corpus, or place the Territory, or any part thereof, 
under martial law. 

GENERAL POWERS OF THE GOVERNOR. 

Sec. 70. That all the powers and duties which by the laws of Hawaii 
are conferred upon or required of the President or any minister of the 
Republic of Hawaii (acting alone or in connection with any other officer 
or person or body) or the cabinet or executive council, and not incon- 
sistent with the Constitution or laws of the United States, are con- 
ferred upon and required of the governor of the Territory of Hawaii, 
unless otherwise provided. 

secretary of the territory. 

Sec. 71. That there shall be a secretary of the said Territory, who 
shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, and who shall reside therein and hold his office for four 
years and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified, unless 
sooner removed by the President. He shall record and preserve all the 
laws and proceedings of the legislature, and all acts and proceedings 
of the governor, and promulgate proclamations of the governor. He 
shall, within thirty days after the end of each session of the legislature, 
transmit to the President, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker 
of the House of Representatives of the United States one copy each ot 
the laws and journals of such session. He shall transmit to the Presi- 
dent, semiannually, on the first days of January and July, a copy ot 
the executive proceedings, and shall perform such other duties as are 
prescribed in this act or as may be required of him by the legislature 
of Hawaii. 

ACTING GOVERNOR IN. CERTAIN CONTINGENCIES. 

Sec. 72. That in case of the death, removal, resignation, or disability 
of the governor, or his absence from the Territory, the secretary shall 
exercise all the powers and perform all the duties of governor during 
such vacancy, disability, or absence, or until another governor is 
appointed and qualified. 



36 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Sec. 73. That there shall be an attorney -general, who shall have the 
powers and duties of the attorney-general and those of the powers and 
duties of the minister of the interior which relate to prisons, prisoners, 
and prison inspectors, notaries public, and escheat of lands under the 
laws of Hawaii, except as changed by this act and subject to modifica- 
tion by the legislature. 

TREASURER. 

Sec. 74. That there shall be a treasurer, who shall have the powers 
and duties of the minister of finance and those of the powers and duties 
of the minister of the interior which relate to licenses, corporations, 
companies, and partnerships, business conducted by married women, 
newspapers, registry of conveyances, and registration of prints, labels, 
and trade-marks under the laws of Hawaii, except as changed in this 
act and subject to modification by the legislature. 

COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC LANDS. 

Sec. 75. That the laws of Hawaii relating to public lands, the set- 
tlement of boundaries, and the issuance of patents on land commission 
awards, except as changed by this act, shall continue in force until 
Congress shall otherwise provide. In said laws "land patent" shall 
be substituted for "royal patent;" "commissioner of public lands" for 
" minister of the interior," " agent of public lands," and " commission- 
ers of public lands," or their equivalents, and the words "that I am a 
citizen of the United States (or that I have declared my intention to 
become a citizen of the United States as required by law) " for the 
words " that I am a citizen by birth (or naturalization) of the Republic 
of Hawaii (or that I have received letters of denization under the 
Eepublic of Hawaii, or that I have received a certificate of special right 
of citizenship from the Eepublic of Hawaii)." And no lease of agri- 
cultural land shall be granted, sold, or renewed by the government of 
Hawaii for a longer period than five years, until Congress shall other- 
wise direct. All funds arising from the sale or lease or other disposal 
of such lands shall be appropriated by the laws of the government of 
Hawaii and applied to such uses and purposes for the benefit of the 
inhabitants of the Territory of Hawaii as are consistent with the joint 
resolution of annexation approved July seventh, eighteen hundred and 
ninety-eight. 

COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 

Sec. 76. That the laws of Hawaii relating to agriculture and forestry, 
except as changed by this act, shall continue in force, subject to modi- 
fication by Congress or the legislature. In said laws "commissioner 
of agriculture and forestry" shall be substituted respectively for 
"bureau," "bureau of agriculture and forestry," "commissioner," "com- 
missioners of agriculture," and " commissioners for the Island of Oahu." 

INVESTIGATION OF LAND LAWS. 

Sec. 77. That the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, or so much thereof 
as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be immediately available, to 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 37 

enable the Secretary of Agriculture to examine the laws of Hawaii 
relating to public lands, agriculture, and forestry, the proceedings 
thereunder, and all matters relating to public lands, forests, agricul- 
ture, and public roads bearing upon the prosperity of the Territory, 
and to report thereon to the President of the United States, which 
duties shall be performed with all convenient speed. 

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. 

Sec. 78. That there shall be a superintendent of public works, who 
shall have the powers and duties of the superintendent of public works 
and those of the powers and duties of the minister of the interior which 
relate to streets and highways, harbor improvements, wharves, land- 
ings, waterworks, railways, electric light and power, telephone lines, 
fences, pounds, brands, weights and measures, fires and fireproof build- 
ings, explosives, eminent domain, public works, markets, buildings, 
parks and cemeteries, and other grounds and lands under the control 
and management of the minister of the interior, and those of the powers 
and duties of the minister of finance and collector-general which relate 
to pilots and harbor masters under the laws of Hawaii, except as 
changed by this act and subject to modification by the legislature. In 
said laws the word "legislature" shall be substituted for "councils," 
and the words " the circuit court" for "the Hawaiian Postal Savings 
Bank." 

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 

Sec. 79. That there shall be a superintendent of public instruction 
who shall have the powers and perform the duties conferred upon and 
required of the minister of public instruction by the laws of Hawaii as 
amended by this act and subject to modifications by the legislature. 

AUDITOR AND DEPUTY AUDITOR. 

Sec. 80. That there shall be an auditor and deputy auditor who shall 
have the powers and duties conferred upon and required of the auditor- 
general and deputy auditor-general, respectively, by act thirty-nine of 
the session laws, as amended by this act, subject to modification by the 
legislature. In said act "officer" shall be substituted for "minister" 
where used without other designation. 

SURVEYOR. 

Sec. 81. That there shall be a surveyor who shall have the powers 
and duties heretofore attached to the surveyor-general, except such as 
relate to the geodetic survey of the Hawaiian Islands. 

CHIEF SHERIFF. 

Sec. 82. That there shall be a chief sheriff and deputies who shall 
have the powers and duties of the marshal and deputies of the Eepublic 
of Hawaii under the laws of Hawaii, except as changed by this act, 
and subject to modification by the legislature. 

Sec. 83. That the governor shall nominate and, by and with the 
advice and consent of the senate of Hawaii, appoint the chief justice 
and justices of the supreme court, the judges of the circuit courts, the 
attorney-general, treasurer, commissioner of public lands, commissioner 



38 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

of agriculture and forestry, superintendent of public works, superin- 
tendent of public instruction, auditor, deputy auditor, surveyor, chief 
sheriff, members of the board of health, commissioners of public instruc- 
tion, board of prison inspectors, board of registration and inspectors of 
election, and any other boards of a public character that may be crea- 
ted by law; and he may make such appointments when the senate is 
not in session by granting commissions, which shall, unless such ap- 
pointments are confirmed, expire at the end of the next session of the 
senate. He may remove from office any of such officers except the 
chief justice and justices of the supreme court and the judges of 
the circuit courts, who shall be removable by impeachment only. All 
such officers shall hold office for four years and until their successors 
are appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed, except the chief 
justice and justices of the supreme court, who shall hold office during 
good behavior, and the judges of the circuit courts, whose terms of 
office shall be six years, and except the commissioners of public instruc- 
tion and the members of said boards, whose terms of office shall be as 
provided by the laws of Hawaii. 

The manner of appointment and removal and the tenure of all other 
officers shall be as provided by law; and the governor may appoint or 
remove any officer whose appointment or removal is not otherwise 
provided for. 

The salaries of all officers other than those appointed by the Presi- 
dent shall be as provided by the legislature, but those of the chief jus- 
tice and the justices of the supreme court and judges of the circuit 
courts shall not be diminished during their term of office. 

All persons holding office in the Hawaiian Islands at the time this 
act takes effect shall, except as herein otherwise provided, continue to 
hold their respective offices until such offices become vacant, but not 
beyond the .end of the first session of the senate, unless reappointed as 
herein provided, except the chief justice and associate justices of the 
supreme court and the judges of the circuit courts, who shall continue 
in office until their respective offices become vacant. 

Chapter IY. 

THE JUDICIARY. 

Sec. 84. That the judicial power of the Territory shall be vested in 
one supreme court and in such inferior courts as the legislature may 
from time to time establish. 

SUPREME COURT. 

Sec. 85. That the supreme court shall consist of a chief justice and 
not less than two associate justices : Provided, however, That in case of 
the disqualification or absence of any justice thereof, in any cause 
pending before the court, on the trial and determination of said cause 
his place shall be filled as provided by law. 

LAWS CONTINUED IN FORCE. 

Sec. 86. That the laws of Hawaii relative to the judicial department, 
including civil and criminal procedure, except as amended by this act, 
are continued in force, subject to modification by Congress or the legis- 
lature. The provisions of said laws or any laws of the Kepublic of 
Hawaii which require juries to be composed of aliens or foreigners 



ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 39 

only, or to be constituted by impaneling natives of Hawaii only, in civil 
and criminal cases specified in said laws, are repealed, and all juries 
shall hereafter be constituted without reference to the race or place of 
nativity of the jurors; but no person who is not a citizen of the United 
States or who can not understandingly speak, read, and write the Eng- 
lish language, shall be a qualified juror in any court of the Territory of 
Hawaii. No plaintiff or defendant in any suit or proceeding in a court 
of the Territory of Hawaii shall be entitled to a trial by a jury impaneled 
exclusively from persons of any race. 

DISQUALIFICATION BY RELATIONSHIP, PECUNIARY INTEREST, OR 
PREVIOUS JUDGMENT. 

Sec. 87. That no person shall sit as a judge or juror in any case in 
which his relative by affinity or by consanguinity within the third 
degree is interested, either as a plaintiff or defendant, or in the issue of 
which the said judge or juror may have either directly or through such 
relative any pecuniary interest. No judge shall sit on an appeal or 
new trial in any case in which he may have given a previous judgment. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Sec. 88. That the chief justice and associate justices of the supreme 
court and the judges of the circuit court of the Territory shall be liable 
to removal from office on impeachment by the house of representatives 
upon any of the following grounds, namely: Any act or negligence 
involving moral turpitude punishable by law as an offense and com- 
mitted while in office, incapacity for the due performance of official 
duty, or maladministration in office. 

The senate shall be a court with full and sole authority to hear and 
determine all impeachments made by the house of representatives. 

The chief justice of the supreme court shall be ex officio president of 
the senate in all cases of impeachment, unless when impeached him- 
self. Should the chief justice be impeached, some person specially com- 
missioned by the governor shall preside over the senate during such 
trial. 

Previous to the trial of any impeachment the senators shall respec- 
tively be sworn truly and impartially to try and determine the charge 
in question according to law and the evidence. 

The judgment of the senate, in case of the conviction of the person 
impeached, shall not extend further than to removal from office and 
disqualification to hold any place of honor, trust, or profit under the 
Government; but the person so convicted shall be, nevertheless, liable 
to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. 

Chapter 5.— United States Officers. 

delegate to congress. 

Sec. 89. That a Delegate to the House of Eepresentatives of the 
United States, to serve during each Congress, shall be elected by the 
voters qualified to vote for members of the house of representatives of 
the legislature. The times, places, and manner of holding elections 
shall be as fixed by law. The person having the greatest number of 
votes shall be declared by the governor duly elected, and a certificate 
shall be given accordingly. 



40 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

FEDERAL COURT. 

Sec. 90. That a judicial district of the United States is established 
for the Territory of Hawaii, to be called the district of Hawaii, which 
shall be included in the ninth judicial circuit of the United States. 
The President of the United States, by and with the advice and con- 
sent of the Senate, shall appoint a district judge, a district attorney, 
and a marshal of the United States for the said district. The dis- 
trict court for the said district shall have, in addition to the ordinary 
jurisdiction of district courts of the United States, jurisdiction of all 
cases cognizable in a circuit court, and shall proceed therein in the 
same manner as a circuit court. The laws of the United States relat- 
ing to appeals, writs of error, removal of causes, and other matters 
and proceedings as between the courts of the United States and the 
courts of the several States shall govern in such matters and proceed- 
ings as between the courts of the United States and the courts of the 
Territory of Hawaii. Eegular terms of said court shall be held at 
Honolulu on the second Monday in April and October and at Hilo on 
the last Wednesday in January of each year; and special terms may 
be held at such times and places in said district as the said judge may 
deem expedient. 

INTERNAL-REVENUE DISTRICT. 

Sec. 91. That the Territory of Hawaii shall constitute a district for 
the collection of the internal revenue of the United States, with a col- 
lector, whose office shall be at Honolulu, and deputy collectors at such 
other places in the several islands as the Secretary of the Treasury 
shall direct. 

CUSTOMS DISTRICT. 

Sec. 92. That the Territory of Hawaii shall comprise a customs dis- 
trict of the United States, with ports of entry and delivery at Honolulu, 
Hilo, and Kahului. 

Chapter 6. — Miscellaneous. 
revenues from wharves. 

Sec. 93. That until further provision is made by Congress the 
wharves and landings constructed or controlled by the Republic of 
Hawaii on any seacoast, bay, roadstead, or harbor shall remain under 
the control of the government of Hawaii, which shall receive and enjoy 
all revenues derived therefrom, on condition that said property shall 
be kept in good condition for the use and convenience of commerce, but 
no tolls or charges shall be made for the use of any such property by 
the United States, or by any vessel of war, tug, revenue cutter, or 
other boat or transport in the service of the United States. 

Sec. 94. That Hawaiian postage stamps, postal cards, and stamped 
envelopes at the post-offices of the Hawaiian Islands when this act 
takes effect shall not be sold, but, together with those that shall there- 
after be received at such offices as herein provided, shall be canceled 
under the direction of the Postmaster-General of the United States; 
those previously sold and uncanceled shall, if presented at such offices 
within six months after this act takes effect, be received at their face 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 41 

value in exchange for postage stamps, postal cards, and stamped 
envelopes of the United States of the same aggregate face value and, 
so far as may be, of such denominations as desired. 

Sec. 95. That the public property ceded and transferred to the United 
States by the liepublic of Hawaii under the joint resolution of annex- 
ation, approved July seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, shall 
be and remain in the possession, use, and control of the government of 
Hawaii, and shall be maintained, managed, and cared for by it, at its 
own expense, until otherwise provided for by Congress, or taken for 
the uses and purposes of the United States by direction of the Presi- 
dent or of the governor of Hawaii. 

Sec. 96. That the following officers shall receive the following annual 
salaries, to be paid by the United States : The governor, five thousand 
dollars; the secretary of the Territory, three thousand dollars; the 
United States marshal, two thousand dollars; the United States dis- 
trict attorney, two thousand dollars. And the governor shall receive 
annually, in addition to his salary, the sum of five hundred dollars for 
stationery, postage, and incidentals; also his traveling expenses while 
absent from the capital on official business, and the sum of two thousand 
dollars for his private secretary. 

IMPOETS FROM HAWAII INTO THE UNITED STATES. 

Sec. 97. That imports from any of the Hawaiian Islands, into any 
State or any other Territory of the United States of any dutiable arti- 
cles not the growth, production, or manufacture of said islands, and 
imported into them after July seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety- 
eight, and before this act takes effect, shall pay the same duties that 
are imposed on the same articles when imported into the United States 
from any foreign country. 

INVESTIGATION OF FISHERIES. 

Sec. 98. That the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries of the United 
States is empowered and required to examine into the entire subject ot 
fisheries and the laws relating to the fishing rights in the Territory of 
Hawaii, and report to the President touching the same, and to recom- 
mend such changes in said laws as he shall see fit. The sum of five 
thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby 
appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro- 
priated, to be immediately available for the purposes aforesaid. 

REPEAL OF LAWS CONFERRING EXCLUSIVE FISHING RIGHTS. 

Sec. 99. That all laws of the Eepublic of Hawaii which confer exclu- 
sive fishing rights upon any person or persons are hereby repealed, and 
all fisheries in the sea waters of the Territory of Hawaii not included 
in any fish pond or artificial inclosure shall be free to all citizens of the 
United States, subject however, to vested rights; but no such vested 
right shall be valid after three years from the taking effect of this act 
unless established as hereinafter provided. 

PROCEEDINGS FOR OPENING FISHERIES TO CITIZENS. 

Sec. 100. That any person who claims a private right to any such 
fishery shall, within two years after the taking effect of this Act, file 
his petition in a circuit court of the Territory of Hawaii, setting forth 



42 ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

his claim to such fishing right, service of which petition shall be made 
upon the attorney-general, who shall conduct the case for the Territory, 
and such case shall be conducted as an ordinary action at law. 

That if such fishing right be established, the governor of Hawaii may 
proceed, in a manner provided by law for the condemnation of property 
for public use, to condemn such private right of fishing to the use of the 
citizens of the United States upon making just compensation, which 
compensation, when lawfully ascertained, shall be paid out of any money 
in the treasury of the Territory of Hawaii not otherwise appropriated. 

QUARANTINE. 

Sec. 101. That quarantine stations shall be established at such places 
in the Territory of Hawaii as the Supervising Surgeon-General of the 
Marine- Hospital- Service of the United States shall direct, and the quar- 
antine regulations for said islands relating to the importation of diseases 
from other countries shall be under the control of the Government of 
the United States. The quarantine station and grounds at the harbor 
of Honolulu, together with all the public property belonging to that 
service, shall be transferred to the Marine-Hospital Service of theUnited 
States, and said quarantine grounds shall continue to be so used and 
employed until the station is changed to other grounds which may be 
selected by order of the Secretary of the Treasury. 

The health laws of the government of Hawaii relating to the harbor 
of Honolulu and other harbors and inlets from the sea and to the inter- 
nal control of the health of the islands shall remain in the jurisdiction 
of the government of Hawaii, subject to the quarantine laws and regu- 
lations of the United States; and the United States shall sustain one- 
half of the cost of the maintenance and execution of the health 
establishment of the government relating to the leper settlement on 
the island of Molokai, and the leper hospital at Kalihi, and the homes 
at which the children of lepers are received and cared for on the island 
of Molokai and at Kalihi. 

Sec. 102. That all vessels carrying Hawaiian registers immediately 
prior to the transfer of the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Islands to the 
United States shall be entitled to be registered as American vessels, 
with the benefits and privileges appertaining thereto. The provisions 
of law relating to ownership of American vessels by citizens of the 
United States shall not apply to such vessels. 

Sec. 103. That the portion of the public domain heretofore known as 
Crown Land is hereby declared to have been, at the time of the trans- 
fer of the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, 
and prior thereto, the property of the Hawaiian government, and to be 
free and clear from any trust of or concerning the same, and from all 
claim of any nature whatsoever upon the rents, issues, and profits 
thereof. It shall be subject to alienation and other uses as may be pro- 
vided by law. All valid leases thereof now in existence are hereby 
confirmed. 

Sec. 104. That for the purposes of naturalization under the laws of 
the United States residence in the Hawaiian Islands prior to the tak- 
ing effect of this Act shall be deemed equivalent to residence in the 
United States and in the Territory of Hawaii, and the requirement of 
a previous declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United 
States and to renounce former allegiance shall not apply to persons 
who have resided in said islands at least five years prior to the taking 
effect of this Act; but all other provisions of the laws of the United 
States relating to naturalization shaM, so far as applicable, apply to per- 
sons in the said islands. 



ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 43 

Sec. 105. That Chinese in the Hawaiian Islands when this Act takes 
effect may within one year thereafter obtain certificates of residence as 
required by "An Act to prohibit the coming of Chinese persons into the 
United States," approved May fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety- two, 
as amended by an act approved November third, eighteen hundred and 
ninety-three, entitled "An Act to amend an act entitled 'An Act to 
prohibit the coming of Chinese persons into the United States,' approved 
May fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two," and until the expiration 
of said year shall not be deemed to be unlawfully in the United States 
if found therein without such certificates. 

Sec. 106. That the legislature of the Republic of Hawaii may enact 
laws not inconsistent with the foregoing provisions prior to the taking 
effect thereof. 

Sec. 107. That this Act shall take effect on the fourth day of July, 
eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, except section one hundred and six 
hereof, which shall take effect immediately after the approval of this Act. 



A BILL relating to Hawaiian silver coinage and silver certificates. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled, 

Section 1. That the silver coins that were coined under the laws of 
Hawaii, when the same are not mutilated or abraded below the stand- 
ard of circulation applicable to the coins of the United States, shall be 
received at the par of their face value in payment of all dues to the 
government of the Territory of Hawaii and of the United States, and 
the same shall not again be put into circulation, but they shall be 
recoined in the mints as United States coins. 

Sec. 2. That when such coins have been received by either Govern- 
ment in sums not less than five hundred dollars, they shall be deposited 
as bullion in the mint at San Francisco, California, and shall be 
recoined in pieces of the same denominations as nearly as may be. 
And the superintendent of the said mint shall pay for such coins, at 
their face value, to the proper officer or agent of the government deposit- 
ing the same, the sum so deposited, in standard silver coins of the 
United States. The expenses of transmitting said coins to and from 
the Hawaiian Islands shall be borne equally by the United States and 
the government of Hawaii. 

Sec. 3. That any collector of customs or of internal revenue of the 
United States in the Hawaiian Islands shall, if he is so directed by the 
Secretary of the Treasury, exchange standard silver coins of the United 
States that are in his custody as such collector with the government 
of Hawaii, or with any person desiring to make such exchange, for 
coins of the government of Hawaii, at their face value, when the same 
are not abraded below the lawful standard of circulation, and the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury is authorized to deposit such silver coins of the 
United States as shall be necessary with the collector of customs or of 
internal revenue at Honolulu or at any government depository for the 
purpose of making such exchange under such regulations as he may 
prescribe. 

Sec. 4. That any silver coins struck by the government of Hawaii 
that are mutilated or abraded below such standard may be presented 
for recoinage at any mint in the United States by the person owning 
the same, or his or her agents, in sums of not less than fifty dollars, 
and such owner shall be paid for such coins by the superintendent of 



44 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

the mint the bullion value per troy ounce of the fine silver they contain 
in standard silver coin of the United States. 

Sec. 5. That silver coins heretofore struck by the government of 
Hawaii shall continue to be legal tender for debts in the Territory of 
Hawaii, in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Hawaii, until 
the first day of January, nineteen hundred and two, and not afterwards. 

Sec. 6. That no seigniorage, or mint dues, or charges shall be made 
or retained for the recoinage of the silver coins of the government of 
Hawaii at any mint of the United States, under the provisions of this 
act. 

Sec. 7. That any silver certificates heretofore issued by the govern- 
ment of the Hawaiian Islands, intended to be circulated as money, 
shall be redeemed by the Territorial government of Hawaii on or before 
the first day of January, nineteen hundred and two, and after said date 
it shall be unlawful to circulate the same as money. 

Sec. 8. That nothing in this act contained shall bind the United 
States to redeem any silver certificates issued by the government of 
Hawaii, or any silver coin issued by such government, except in the 
manner and upon the conditions stated in this act for the recoinage of 
Hawaiian silver. 



A BILL relating to postal savings banks in Hawaii. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and Blouse of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress ^assembled : 

Section 1. That the laws of Hawaii relating to the establishment 
and conduct of any postal savings bank or in stitution are hereby repealed. 
And the Secretary of the Treasury, in the execution of the agreement 
of the United States as expressed in an act entitled "A joint resolution 
to provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States," 
approved July seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, shall pay the 
amounts on deposit in Hawaiian postal savings banks to the persons 
entitled thereto, according to their respective rights, and he shall make 
all needful orders, rules, and regulations for paying such persons and 
for notifying such persons to present their demands for payment. So 
much money as is necessary to pay said demands is hereby ap propria 
ated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to 
be available on and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and 
ninety-nine, when such payments shall begin, and none of said demands 
shall bear interest after said date and no deposit shall be made in said 
bank after said date. 

Said demands of such persons shall be certified to by the chief exec- 
utive of Hawaii as being genuine and due to the persons presenting the 
same, and his certificate shall be sealed with the official seal of the 
Territory and countersigned by its secretary, and shall be approved by 
the Secretary of the Interior, who shall draw his warrant for the 
amount due upon the Treasurer of the United States, and when the 
same are so paid, no further liabilities shall exist, in respect of the same, 
against the Government of the United States or of Hawaii. 

Sec. 2. Any money of the Hawaiian Postal Savings Bank that shall 
remain.unpaid to the persons entitled thereto on the first day of July, 
eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and any assets of said bank, shall 
be turned over by the Government of Hawaii to the Treasurer of the 
United States, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall cause an account 
to be started, as of said date, between such Government of Hawaii and 
the United States in respect to said Hawaiian Postal Savings Bank. 



APPENDIXES 



1. 

GOVERNMENT LANDS. 
Summary as of the date of September SO, 1897. 



Island. 



Coffee. 



Cane. 



Rice. 



Grazing. 



Forest, etc. 



Estimated 
value. 



Hawaii 

Maui 

Oahu 

Kauai 

Molokai 

Lanai and Kalioolawe 
Laysan, etc., Islands . . 



Acres. 

62, 890 

8,180 

800 

4,400 



Acres. 

18,156 

520 

2,050 

4,900 



A cres. 
140 
110 
327 
400 



Acres. 
368, 849 
112, 570 
71, 414 
80, 050 
40, 625 
77, 669 



Acres. 

749, 302 

58, 550 

13, 778 

86, 650 



Total . 



76, 270 



25, 626 



977 



751, 177 



908, 280 



Value. 

Building lots, Honolulu $521,800.00 

Building lots, town of Hilo 160,000.00 

Esplanade and city front : 

Leased lots (including esplanade storage), rent $27,000 per annum 450,000.00 

Old lots unleased, including fish market, custom-house site, etc 250, 000. 00 

Oldlots (reclaimed land) 100,000.00 



Total value. 



$1, 874, 900 
453, 800 
983, 500 
648, 000 
77, 500 
70, 000 
40, 000 



4, 147, 700 



1, 481, 800 



5, 629, 500 



The total area of the government lands may be roughly classified as 
follows : 

Acres. 

Valuable building lots 145 

Cane lands 25,626 

Eice lands 977 

Coffee lands 76,270 

Homesteads, government interest in 20, 000 

Grazing lands, of various qualities 451, 200 

Forest lands (high) 681, 282 

Rugged, inaccessible mountain tracts 227, 000 

Barren lands, nominal value 300, 000 



1, 782, 500 

Note. — Since tbe date of September 30, to which the foregoing summary applies, 
and up to the date of August 12, 1898, patent grants conveying fee-simple titles have 
been issued for 9,860, acres in round numbers, valued at $48,500 — almost wholly of 
agricultural lands on the island of Hawaii. 

The totals of the above summary would therefore stand corrected as follows : 

Total area acres.. 1,772,640 

Total value $5,581,000 

Increase in values, however, has been such that the above might be considered a 
conservative estimate. 

45 



46 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



CROWN LANDS. 

The printed report of the agent of crown lands for 1894 gives a full 
statement of those lands as of that date. After the passage of the 
land act of 1895 those lands came under the control of the commis- 
sioners of public lands, and a*re included in the foregoing summary. 

Since the date of the "land act of 1895" from such "crown lands" 
patent giving fee simple titles have been granted for an area in round 
numbers of 9,960 acres, at a valuation of $36,400. 

The above classification of Government lands is necessarily some- 
what arbitrary, and the statement in my report of 1894 to the Surveyor- 
General applies also at this date, " that the lack of positive knowledge 
of quality and adaptability of the soil in untried sections, and the 
imperceptible gradation by which the best lands merge into indifferent, 
and indifferent into that of nominal value, makes a report of this 
nature to a considerable extent a matter of personal opinion rather 
than of scientific certainty." 

I would further state that under the head of " Grazing lands and high 
forest land" is included a large area which in the future maybe devoted 
to a class of temperate climate products, grain, fruits, etc., which area 
is now practically undeveloped. 

The estimate of values of Government lands has been made inde- 
pendently of the leases and rents received from same. In the case of 
recent leases these rents are fairly representative of the value of the 
land, but in many of the older leases are much below the present 
standard of value. 

TEANSACTIONS UNDEE LAND ACT OF 1895. 

The report of the commissioners of public lands for the period 
1896-97, pages 7 to 12, shows transactions under the 1895 land act 
to the date of January 1, 1898, the summary of page 8 being the 
clearest general statement. 

I have corrected the summary to bring the same to the date of 
August 12, 1898, as follows : 

Summary of lands taken up under the general systems of the land act of 1895 to date of 

August 12, 1898. 



Number. 



Acres. 



Value. 



Eight of purchase leases 

Cash freeholds 

Special agreements 

Homestead leases 

Total 



324 
19 



496 



16, 114 

716 

6, 197 

934 



23, 961 



$105, 192 

3,948 

44,653 



153, 793 



Further data as to receipts, revenue from rents, etc., will be found in 
the report of the commissioner of public lands referred to. 

J. F. Brown, Agent of Public Lands. 
August 29, 1898. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



47 



2. 



Statement showing name, area, locality, etc., of public lands. 
ISLAND OF HAWAII. 



District. 



Name. 



Area. 



Estimated 
value. 



Remarks. 



Puuwaawaa 

Haleohiu 

Waiaha, 2 

Puaa 

Onouli 

Honomalino 

Kealakehe 

Honuaula 

Honalo 

Keopuka 

Waiea 

Kalamakowali . 
Kaukalua-Alae , 

Kaohe 

Kukuiopae 

Olelornoana 

Opihihali 

Olelomoana 

Kipahoehoe 

Alika 

Hoopuloa 

Okoe 

Kaulanamauna . 

Puuananura 

Kukio 

Akahipu 

Kaulana 

Awalua-OMki . . 

Ooma 

Ooma uka 

Kealakehe lots . 

Total 



Acres. 

40, 000 

500 

260 

860 

360 

6,000 

3,460 

5,400 

920 

40 

1,300 



Pololu 

Kaauhuhu 

Kawaihae 

Waimea 

Kahei 

Hualua 

Opihipau 

Hukiaa 

Puaepa 

Awalua 

Kapaa-Puukole. . . 

Pili lands 

Various remnants 

Total 



Kapapala 

Waiohinu 

Manuka 

Keaa-Mohoae 

KamaoaPueo 

Pumakaa-Kiolokaa . 

Kawala 

Kaunamana , 

Hionaa 

Kaala-iki 

Mohokea 

Ninole 

"Wailau 

Makaka-Moaula 

Kaauhuhuula 

Kaalaala 



Total. 



1,300 

850 

3,600 

3,400 



7,500 

1,300 
1,000 
3,400 
83, 000 
3,500 



4,135 
1,200 
1,300 



174, 585 



1,300 

1,300 

13, 000 

40, 600 

560 

275 

450 

380 

399 

224 

1,500 

9,341 

2,200 



71, 529 



172, 780 
15, 210 
22, 800 

1,200 
12, 500 

7,765 

2,800 

1,362 
11, 600 
2,760 



6,500 
11, 900 

2,700 
16, 900 



288, 777 



Olaa 

Apua 

Kehena 

"Waiakolea 

Kaimu 

Various government remnants. . 

Total 



54, 000 

9,420 

800 

5,310 

26, 000 

95, 530 



$25, 000 

750 

250 

1,000 

500 

13, 750 

2,500 

5,000 

2,000 

250 

3,000 

500 

2,000 

1,200 

3,500 

3,000 

500 

5,000 

2,500 

1,000 

2,000 

10, 000 

500 

2,000 

900 
3,500 
3,000 

600 



96, 700 



10, 000 

22, 250 

25, 000 

66, 000 

12, 000 

5,000 

5,000 

4,000 

1,200 

2,000 

3,500 

6,000 

7,100 



169, 050 



100, 000 
35, 000 
10, 000 

15, 000 

7,000 

20, 000 

3,000 
15, 000 
10, 000 

4,000 

7,000 
25, 000 

5,000 
25, 000 



281, 000 



121, 750 
8,000 
2,000 

10, 000 

22, 000 

163, 750 



Good grazing. 

Remnant. 

Coffee land. 

Eocky. 

Dense forest. 

Coffee and grazing. 

Eocky grazing. 

Mountain grazing. 

Coffee and wood. 

Coffee land. 

Forest. 

Homesteads. 

Porest. 

Coffee and forest. 

Forest. 

Eocky grazing. 

Homesteads. 

Eocky grazing. 

Forest. 
Barren lava. 
Dry grazing. 
Grazing. 
Do. 

Homesteads. 

Eocky grazing. 
Coffee and wood. 

Do. 
Homesteads. 



Deep valley. 
Cane and grazing. 
Dry grazing. 

Do. 
Cane and grazing. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Good grazing. 

Do. 
Eocky grazing. 
Dry grazing. 
Grazing. 



Grazing. 

Cane and grazing. 

Dry grazing. 

Do. 

Grazing and wood. 

Cane land. 

Grazing. 

Do. 
Cane and grazing. 
Homesteads. 
Wood land. 
Cane and wood. 
Grazing and wood. 
Cane, wood, etc. 



Coffee land. 

Dry grazing. 

Do. 

Do. 



48 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Statement showing name, area, locality, etc., of public lands — Continued. 
ISLAND OP HAWAII— Continued. 



District. 



Name. 



Area. 



Estimated 
value. 



Remarks. 



Hamakua. 



Hilo. 



Kaiwiki-Kaala 

Hoea-Kaao 

Paauilo 

Kaohe-Papalele 

Kaohe, 2 

Kaohe, 3, 4, and 5 

Hauola 

Kaineke 

Kekualele 

Kernan , 

Kaapaku 

Kaunamano 

Kaao-Paalaea 

Nienie 

Ahualoa, 1 and 2 

Lauka 

Au 

Kaauhuhu 

Kapulena 

Hanapai 

Kamoku 

Laupakoehoe-Awini 

Honokaia 

Kalopa 

Waipio lands 

Waimanu 



Total 



Ponahawai remnant . . 

Piikonua 

Humuula 

Hakalau-iki 

Manowaiopae 

Kaumana remnant — 

Kaiwiki lots 

Kaapoko 

Kaieie 

Kawainui 

Kulaimano 

Kaupakuea 

Kaakepa 

Honomu 

Kaiwiki- Wailea 

Kamaee 

Lepoloa-Kauniko 

Opea-Peleau , 

Pika 

Waikaumalo- Wailu a 

Maulua 

Papaaloa 

Kuaia , 

Ookala 

Manowaialee 



Total 



Acres. 
100 

2,200 
2,500 



2,500 

14, 500 

200, 150 

200 



1,015 
8,000 



133 
163 



1,000 
78 
2,600 
13, 000 
5,180 
6,600 
5,000 
5,000 



269, 945 



95, 000 



57, 200 

101, 500 

570 

180 



130 

635 

500 

347 

210 

194 

3,000 

4,500 

2,230 

400 

1,100 

4,250 

4,000 

3,000 

10, 000 



1,360 
1,200 



291, 506 



$5, 000 

15, 000 

15, 000 

15, 000 

15, 000 

20, 000 

35, 000 

8,000 

500 

700 

300 

2,500 

1,200 

30, 000 

18, 000 

3,000 

5,500 

4,200 

750 

3,000 

2,500 

5,000 

20, 000 

47, 750 

66, 500 

5,000 

7,500 



351, 900 



262, 500 

1,000 

JPTOOO 

'' 80,000 

25, 000 

5,000 

1,500 

4,500 

9,000 

8,000 

9,000 

19, 000 

5,000 

5,000 

35, 000 

45, 000 

25, 000 

=• 15, 000 

10, 000 

15, 000 

21,000 

61. 500 

15^000 

' 5, 000 

35, 000 

3,000 



795, 000 



Cane land. 
Cane and wood. 

Do. 
Homesteads. 
Coffee and wood. 
Mountain grazing 

Do. 
Cane Land. 
Homesteads. 
Cane land. 

Homesteads. 

Do. 
Cane land. 
Grazing. 
Homesteads. 
Cane land. 

Do. 
Homesteads. 
Grazing. 
Cane land. 
Good grazing. 
Mountain land. 
Cane, graizing, etc. 

Do. 
Rice, graizing, etc. 
Taro and rice. 



Cane and coffee. 
Homesteads. 
Cane, coffee, etc. 
Cane forest. 
Cane land. 

Do. 
Rough lava. 
Homesteads. 
Cane land. 
Cane and forest. 

Do. 
Cane land. 
Cane and wood. 
Cane land. 
Cane and coffee. 
Cane, coffee, etc. 

Do. 
Cane land. 
Cane and forest. 
Cane, coffee, etc. 

Do. 
Cane land. 
Coffee and forest. 
Homestead, forest. 
Cane and wood. 
Woodland. 





ISLAND OP MAUI. 










2,800 


$10, 000 
5,000 
20, 000 

15, 000 

2,000 


Cane and grazing. 










6,025 

11,000 

660 








land. 
Grazing and mountain 

land. 
Grazing. 








Total 




20, 485 


52, 000 










Kula 


16, 000 

120 

4,360 

4,500 

} 2, 800 


60, 000 
2,600 
6,000 
8,000 

10, 000 
86, 500 


Corn and grazing. 
Grazing. 
Rocky grazing. 
Grazing. 






















Do. 




Total 






27, 780 














~ 





ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Statement showing name, area, locality, etc., of public lands— Continued. 
ISLAND OP MAUI— Continued. 



49 



District. 


Name. 


Area. 


Estimated 
value. 


Remarks. 






Acres. 

395 

100 

700 

1,000 

1,000 

400 

1,100 

300 

14, 000 


$6, 000 

3,500 

700 

1,000 

1,500 

500 

1,100 

300 

13, 100 


Cane land. 

Do. 
Eocky grazing. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Grazing. 

Do. 
Mountain land. 
















Wakiu 
















Hana forest tract 




Total 




18, 995 


27, 700 












1,500 
15, 500 

3,000 
11,000 

2,200 


1,500 
38, 500 

8,000 
12, 000 
15, 000 


Mountain forest. 
Water rights. 
Kice, coffee, etc. 
Coffee and forest. 
Water rights. 








"Wailua 1 and 2 












Total 




33, 200 


75, 000 












5,000 
9,000 


15, 000 
20, 000 
50, 000 
1,500 


Grazing and wood. 
Forest, etc. 








Hamakualoa water ritjlit 




Hamakualoa remnants 

Total 


250 






14, 250 


86, 500 






Kon 


. 




610 
30 
70 


15, 0C0 

3,000 

. 7,000 


Cane land. 
Do. 
Do. 








Polipoli 




Total 




710 


25, 000 










Kaanapali 


10, 500 

300 

4,000 


10, 000 

1,000 

12, 000 


Dry grazing. 
Do. 
Do. 




Napili 




Honokawai 




Total 




14,800 


23, 000 












7,600 
300 
400 

1,000 
600 

4,600 


6,000 

400 

500 

600 

1,200 

1,300 


Eocky grazing. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 








Kualapa 




Kanahena 




Onau 




Papaanui 




Total 




14, 500 


10, 000 










Kahikinui 


25, 000 


25, 000 


Good grazing. 








1,500 

800 

1,500 

4,200 


1,000 

500 

1,500 

2,000 


Rocky grazing. 
Barren grazing. 
Grazing. 
Do. 




Naholoku 




Nakula tract 




Nakula Mountain tract 




Total 




8,000 

150 
1,000 


5,000 

1,300 
1,000 








Cane and grazing. 
Forest. 




Kipahulu forest 




Total 




1,150 


2,300 











ISLAND OF LANAI AND EAHOOLAWE. 



Mahana 

Kalulu 

Kaunolu 

Kealia-Paauili. 

Kamao 

Kamoku 

Paomai 



Total 



7,900 
6,000 
7,400 
6,300 
2,700 
8, :J00 
9,000 

47, 600 

30, 000 



8,000 
6,000 
7,500 
6,000 
2,500 
8,000 
12, 000 

50, 000 

20, 000 



Grazing. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 



Do. 



HAW- 



-4* 



50 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Statement shotving name, area, locality, etc., of public lands — Continued. 
ISLAND OF MOLOKAI. 



District. 


Name. 


Area. 


Estimated 
value. 


Remarks. 






Acres. 

3,700 

80 

1,300 

1,200 

1, 200 

280 

5,000 

700 

6,700 

11, 300 

2, 200 


$4,000 

100 

1,100 

900 

1,000 

500 

5,000 

2,500 

10, 000 

30, 000 

5,000 


Grazing. 
Fish ponds. 
Grazing. 
Do. 


















Do. 






Do. 






Grazing and mountain. 
Do. 










Do. 






Do. 






Do. 




Total 






33, 660 


60, 100 











ISLAND OF KAUAI. 



Olohena , 

Eamamaloo 

Papaa 

AVaioli 

Napali 

Kalahee 

Hanapepe 

"Waimea 

Hanalei 

Anahola-Kapaa 
Wailua 

Total 



1,150 

2,400 
2,000 
3,100 
13, 400 
4,000 
8,000 



92, 400 
16, 000 
13, 400 
20, 200 



176, 050 



7,000 
15, 000 
2,000 
4,000 
5,000 
15, 000 
60, 000 



200, 000 
45, 000 
120, 000 
175, 000 



618, 000 



Cane and grazing. 

Do. 
Forest. 

Grazing and mountain . 
Mountain land. 
Grazing and wood. 
Cane, grazing, and 

valuable water 

rights. 

Cane and grazing. 
Rice, cane, etc. 
Do. 



ISLAND OF OAHU. 



Kona 



Ewa. 



Waianae. 



Waikiki lands 

Kapahulu 

Kepuhi 

Kaauwaeloa 

Pukele-Waiomao . . . 
Puahia-Piliamoo, etc 

"Wailupe 

Kuliouou 

Kaluaalaea, etc 

"Waahila 

Pahao 

Kahoiwai, etc 

Kahauiki 

Kapalama lands 

Kapaloa 

Total 

Manana 

"Waimano 

Kaihikapu, etc 

Waikakalaua 

Pouhala 

"Weloka 

Honokawailani, etc . 
Aiea 

Total 

Kahanaiki 

Makua 

Keawaula 

Waianae-kai 

Waian aeuka 

Keaau 

Lualualei 

N anakuli 

Total 



60 

730 

11 

18 

940 

50 

40 

500 

700 

200 

50 

30 

1,300 

10 
10 



4.649 



5 

2,600 

740 

500 

800 

26 

11 

1,170 



5,852 



690 
2,600 

330 
6,100 

14, 700 
2,430 

14, 700 
3,430 



44,980 



6,000 
3,000 
1,500 
2,000 
6,000 
4,000 
1,600 
4,000 
3,500 
1,600 
1,500 
1,000 
30, 000 

3,000 
2,500 



71, 200 



1,000 
5,000 
5,000 
2,000 
3,000 
3,000 
1,500 
8,000 



28, 500 



7,000 

75, 000 

50, 000 

8,000 

55, 000 

10, 000 



205, 000 



Rice lands. 
Diamond Head. 
Rice land. 

Do. 
Rice and grazing. 
Taro and rice land. 
Fish pond. 
Grazing. 
Mountain tract. 
Grazing. 

Do. 

Do. 
Grazing and building 

lots. 
Rice land. 
Rice and taro lands. 



Rice land. 

Grazing, mountain. 

Fish pond. 

Grazing. 

Grazing and fish pond. 

Fish pond. 

Kula and rice land. 

Grazing. 



Grazing. 

Cane and mountain 

land. 
Grazing and mountain. 
Grazing. 

Cane and grazing. 
Grazing. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



51 



Statement showing name, area, locality, etc., of public lands — Continued. 
ISLAND OE OAHU— Continued. 



District. 



Name. 



Area. 



Estimated 
value. 



.Remarks. 



Waialua . 



Koolau 



Mokuleia 

K ealia 

Eawaihapai 

Kuaokala 

Kaipapau 

Waiahole lands . . . 

Pupukea 

Poumalu 

"Waialee 

Hauula 

Makawai-Hopekea 

Keaahala 

Kaluapuhi, eto . . . 

Kawailoa 

Waimanalo 

Total 



Acres. 
14, 000 



$14, 000 



160 


600 


300 


7,000 


2,350 


5,000 


2,000 


5,000 


730 


3,000 


1,570 


5,000 


1,200 


6,000 


370 


5,000 


1,500 


16, 000 


500 


5,000 


6,500 


100, 000 



Grazing and mountain. 



Grazing. 

Rice and grazing. 

Grazing. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Bice and grazing. 
Cane and grazing. 
Eice, grazing, etc. 

Do. 
Cane and grazing. 



17, 180 



157, 600 



BECAPITTJLATION. 



Island. 


District. 


Acres. 


Estimated 
value. 






174, 585 
71, 529 

269, 945 

291,506 
95, 530 

288, 777 


$96, 700 






169, 050 






351, 900 




Hilo 


795, 000 






163, 750 






281, 000 




Total 






1, 191, 872 


1, 857, 400 






Maui 


20, 485 
27, 780 
18,995 
33, 200 
14, 250 
710 
14, 800 
14, 500 

8,000 
25, 000 

1,150 


52, 000 




Eula 


86, 500 
27, 700 
75, 000 
86, 500 


















25, 000 






23, 000 
10, 000 
5,000 














■ 25, 000 






2,300 




Total 






178, 870 


418, 000 








47, 600 
30, 000 
33, 660 


50, 000 
20, 000 










60, 100 








Oahu 


4,649 

5,852 

44, 980 

14, 000 

17, 180 


71, 200 






28, 500 






205, 000 






14,000 
157, 600 








Total 




86, 661 


476, 300 









Island. 



Acres. 



Value. 



Kauai 

Oalra 

Lanai 

Kahoolawe 

Molokai 

Maui 

Hawaii 

Laysan, etc., islands. 



176, 050 
86, 661 
47, 600 
30, 000 
33, 660 

178, 870 
, 191, 872 



$648, 000 

476, 300 

50, 000 

20, 000 

60, 100 

418, 000 

1, 857, 400 

40, 000 



Grand total. 



1, 744, 713 



3, 569, 800 



Note. — The above area is exclusive of lands under the control of the minister of the interior, as 
well as lands now held for settlement purposes under the provisions of the "Land act, 1895." These, 
in the aggregate, comprise an acreage of 28,000. 

Public Lands Office, 

Honolulu, October 1, 1898. 



52 ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

3. 

Inventory of Government property under Department oftne Interior as of August 12, 1898. 

INTERIOR OFFICE. 

Constructing counter $346. 00 

2 desks on counter 45.00 

Map stand 44. 00 

License stand 14. 00 

Drawers for blank forms 91. 00 

3 sets letter racks 38. 00 

Pigeonholes in case 18. 00 

Counter railings 328.00 

Minister's table and appurtenances 150. 00 

Chief clerk's table and appurtenances 150. 00 

Bookkeeper's desk and appurtenances 100. 00 

Cask tables 75.00 

2 tables assistant clerks 80. 00 

2 glass paper cases, at $150 300. 00 

1 book cupboard 45. 00 

1 sideboard 350.00 

1 long table 100.00 

2 revolving bookstands 60. 00 

1 clock 30.00 

4 rugs, large 140. 00 

4 rugs, small 40. 00 

1 typewriter and stand 120. 00 

1 typewriter table (spare) 15. 00 

2 iron safes, $300, $200 500.00 

Ismail safe 50.00 

Oil paintings, viz: Frederick William of 

Prussia, Blucber, Admiral Thomas, Sam'l 

G. Wilder 800.00 

Records of patents of invention, corpora- 
tions, copyrights, trade-marks, etc 2, 000. 00 

Chairs and office stools 75. 00 

Pound table 20.00 

Fruit and game, 2 paintings 40.00 

Stationery and blanks, etc ■„ 300. 00 

Cocoa matting 10. 00 

Laws, English version, 1,598 volumes 3, 729. 00 

Laws, Hawaiian version, 1,585 volumes 2, 168. 00 



12, 371. 00 



LEGISLATIVE CHAMBER, EXECUTIVE BUILDING. 

6 large crystal electroliers, at $125 $750. 00 

12 pairs window curtains, 12 gilt window 

cornices, at $50 600.00 

1 cornice and canopy over platform 600. 00 

Carpeting on platform 20. 00 

3 large mirrors, gilt frames, marble slabs, 

$350, $300, $300 950.00 

1 desk, black and gold 50. 00 

1 large walnut library table 150. 00 

1 small walnut marble-top table 25. 00 

1 koa console stand 150. 00 

6 gilt oval frames, at $15 90.00 

1 pair antlers, koa stand 50. 00 

17 black walnut chairs, leather seat and 

back, at $6 102.00 

7 cuspidors 7. 00 

3 waste baskets 3. 00 

4 black walnut Senate tables, at $40 160. 00 

2 large French vases 100. 00 

Large carpet, hall, say 170 yards, at $2.50.. 425. 00 

1 linen rug 9, 00 



ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 53 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued. 

LEGISLATIVE CHAMBER, EXECUTIVE BUILDING — Continued. 

Oil portraits, viz : Kamehameha I, Kame- 
hmeha II, Queen Kamamalu, Kekauluohi, 
Napoleon III, Emperor Alexander of Rus- 
sia, Emperor of Austria, at $200 $1, 400. 00 

Oil portrait, Louis Philipe, of France, $500. 500. 00 

$6, 141. 00 

LOWER HALL, EXECUTIVE BUILDING. 

1 ebony marble-top table $100. 00 

7 heavy chairs 28.00 

1 sideboard, oak 200.00 

1 paper cupboard (legislature) 50.00 

Cocoa matting 30. 00 

Rug 20.00 

Oil portraits, viz : Kamehameha III, Queen 

Kalama, Kamehameha IV, Lunalilo, at 

$200 800.00 

Koa letter box 10.00 

Bulletin board 10.00 

1, 248. 00 

STAIRWAY. 

2 bronze lamp bearers $200.00 

Pier table 50.00 

French clock 150.00 

400.00 

UPPER HALL, EXECUTIVE BUILDING. 

1 ebony marble-top table $100.00 

1 ebony marble-top table 100. 00 

Oil portrait, Kalakaua 500. 00 

Oil portrait, Liliuokalani 500. 00 

Oil portrait, J. C. Dominis 100.00 

1 koa square table 30.00 

8 heavy chairs 32.00 

1 office chair 6.00 

1 wooden screen 10. 00 

Ismail table 10.00 

1 leather lounge 10. 00 

2 lithograph portraits, King and Queen of 

Italy 20.00 

Hall carpet 50.00 

Cocoa matting 10.00 

1,478.00 

LAND OFFICE. 

Kecords of land awards and patents $82, 265. 66 

Records, boundary commission 1, 000. 00 

Records, privy council 25, 000. 00 

Records of naturalization and sundry ac- 
count books 500. 00 

Printed indexes, awards^ and grants 1, 300. 00 

Sundry copies old laws 100. 00 

Office furniture 72.50 

Newspapers, bound 1,200.00 

Legislative records and manuscript 10, 733. 00 

122, 171. 16 

PUBLIC LANDS OFFICE. 

lfireproof safe $350.00 

1 office table 100.00 

1 office table 75.00 

1 standing desk 75.00 



54 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued. 

public lands office— continued. 

1 map case $40.00 

1 typewriter and table 135. 00 

1 mimeograph 20. 00 

1 water filter and table 8.00 

7officechairs 20.00 

Easel and map board 10. 00 

Cabinet letter file 10.00 

1 book and document case 30. 00 

Sundry stationery 200. 00 

Sundry stationery, suboffices , 150. 00 

Maps, records, and documents 10, 000. 00 



$11,273.00 
$155, 082. 16 



BUREAU PUBLIC WORKS. 

Office furniture $700.00 

Plans, drafts, maps, etc 1,000.00 

Instruments and implements 650.00 



58,888.25 



11,870.00 



REGISTRY OF CONVEYANCES. 

Eecords : 

3 books (written), at $1 $3.00 

177 books (written), at $8 1, 416. 00 

16 books (written), unused or in current 

use, at$8 . 128.00 

Copyists' work on 91,746 pages,estimated 

at one-fourth of recording charge 57, 341. 25 

Indexes to records : 

6 sets new-plan indexes, 38 volumes, at 

$10 $380.00 

Cost of abstract work for and writing 
up new indexes, five and three-fourths 
years, to March, 1894, at $110 per 

month 7,590.00 

Cost of indexing, four and one-third 
vears, to August, 1898, at $75 per 

month 3,900.00 

Furniture and fixtures : 

1 iron safe (old style) 125.00 

1 calendar clock 15. 00 

lkoa cabinet desk 10.00 

1 koa desk top to counter 12. 00 

Counter with drawers and lockers 75. 00 

2 counter index racks 15. 00 

1 cabinet (old style) for filing papers .. 5. 00 

1 long koa table with drawers 12. 00 

2 small koa tables with drawers 15. 00 

2 long pine tables (with desk top) 20. 00 

1 Med. pine table, stained 6. 00 

1 square walnut table 5.00 

13 assorted chairs (8 as is) 15.00 

1 copy press, etc 7.00 

1 letter scale and magnifying glass 3. 50 

1 office date stamp 5. 00 

1 set rubber stamps 12. 00 

Reference law books and dictionaries.. 20. 00 

1 Eemington typewriter and case 100. 00 

Stationery : 

Assorted stationery on hand 86.00 



477. 50 

71,821.76 



2,350.00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 55 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued, 

GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 

Hawaii : 

North Hilo, Lanpahoehoe, court-house. $400. 00 

Hilo, kerosene storehouse 500. 00 

South Hilo, Hilo, court-house 6, 000. 00 

Hilo, sheriff's house 2,500.00 

Hilo, j ail 3, 000. 00 

Hilo, tire-engine house 2,500.00 

Hilo, powder magazine 400. 00 

Puna, court-house and jail 800. 00 

Kau, Waiohinu, court-house and jail... 1, 500. 00 

South Kona, Hookena, court-house 700.00 

North Kona, Kailua, court-house and 

jail 1,300.00 

South Kohala, Waimea, court-house 2, 000. 00 

North Kohala, court-house 3, 500. 00 

North Kohala, lockup : 1,500.00 

Honokaa, court-house and jail 2, 500. 00 

Hilo, wharf shed 600.00 

Waiakea, wharf shed 800.00 



Maui : 

Lahaina, court-house 4, 000. 00 

Jail and keeper's house 3, 200. 00 

Lahaina, market • 1, 500. 00 

Wailuku, court-house 4, 000. 00 

Wailuku, jail and police court 2, 500. 00 

Kahului, custom-house 14, 700. 00 

Kahului, j ail and keeper's house 400. 00 

Ulupalakua, court-house and jail 800. 00 

Hana, court-house and jail 800. 00 

Makawao, court-house and lockup 1, 000. 00 

Paia,jail 400.00 

Makena, wharf storehouse 200. 00 

Molokai, Pukoo court-house and jail.. . 500. 00 

Oahu: 

Honolulu — 

Executive huilding 350, 000. 00 

Bungalow 6,000.00 

Barracks 8,000.00 

Old palace stables 2, 000. 00 

Judiciary building 130, 000. 00 

Kapuaiwa building 30, 000. 00 

Post-office 20,000.00 

Honluluhale 5,000.00 

Police station 54,000.00 

Fish market 28,000.00 

Old custom-house 8,000.00 

C. Brewer & Co.'s building 9,000.00 

Custom-house and warehouses 52, 000. 00 

Government workshop and ware- 
house 7,000.00 

Powder magazine and keeper's 

house 1,700.00 

Chinese laundries 8,000.00 

Oahu jail 25,000.00 

Eoyal mausoleum 8, 000. 00 

Signal station, Diamond Head 1, 500. 00 

Forester's house, Makiki 600. 00 

Government nursery buildings 5, 700. 00 

Electric-light station building 5, 700. 00 

Central fire station 28, 000. 00 

Engine house No.l 2, 400. 00 

Engine house No. 3 9,900.00 

Government yard, stables, and 

buildings - 3,000.00 



$30, 500. 00 



34, 000. 00 



56 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued. 

government buildings — continued. 

Oahu — Continued. 

Honolulu — Continued. 

Pacific Mail warehouse $8, 000. 00 

Pilot office and boat house 1, 500. 00 

Pacific Mail wharf shed 2, 400. 00 

Likelike wharf shed 800. 00 

Kinau wharf shed 1, 600. 00 

I. I. wharf shed 2,300.00 

Oceanic wharf shed 5, 000. 00 

Brewer's wharf shed 2,300.00 

Nuuanu street wharf shed 2, 400. 00 

Boat landing wharf shed 300. 00 

Ewa — 

Manana court-house and j ail 1, 300. 00 

Waianae court-house and j ail 600. 00 

Waiallaa court-house and jail 1, 500. 00 

Koolauloa, Hauula court-house and jail 1, 100. 00 
Koolaupoko, Kaneohe court-house and 

jail 800.00 

$837,200.00 

Kauai : 

Waimea — 

Waimea court-house 500. 00 

Lockup 100.00 

Koloa, Koloa court-house and jail 1, 200. 00 

Lihue — 

Nawiliwili court-house 1, 800. 00 

Nawiliwilijail 1,000.00 

Nawili wili j ailor's house 400. 00 

Hanalei, Waioli court-house and jail 600. 00 



5, 600. 00 



GOVERNMENT ELECTRIC LIGHT. 

4 arc dynamos, lights, and appurtenances . $12, 000. 00 
2 incandescent dynamos, lights, and appur- 
tenances .' 12,000.00 

Main wires and poles 16, 000. 00 

Water wheel and appurtenances 10, 000. 00 

Horses, wagons, harness, etc 650. 00 

Stock of materials on hand 400. 00 

Tools and implements 300.00 



51, 350. 00 



56, 000. 00 



DREDGING PLANT. 

New dredger and appurtenances $50, 000. 00 

Old dredger scows, railroad dump cars 6, 000. 00 

PILE-DRIVING PLANT. 

Pile driver $2,000.00 

Wharf building, tools, and equipment 1, 000. 00 

Wharf material in stock 12, 000. 00 

Spar buoys and chains in stock 500. 00 

Sundry old material 500.00 

16, 000. 00 

Steam tug 20,000.00 

WHARVES AND LANDINGS. 

Hawaii : 

North Hilo, Ookala, and Laupahoehoe . $3, 200. 00 

South Hilo, ship wharf 16,000.00 

South Hilo, Hilo wharf 4,000.00 ~ 

South Hilo, Waiakea boat wharf 6, 000. 00 

Puna: 

Puna, Pohiki Kula 800. 00 

Kau,Punaluu, Honuapo, and Kaalualu. x 5,000.00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 57 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued, 

wharves and landings — continued. 
Hawaii : 

South Kona, Hookena, Kaawaloa, and 

Napoopoo $2, 500. 00 

North Kona, Keauhou, and Kailua 2, 500. 00 

Hamakua, Kukuihaele 500. 00 

$40, 500. 00 

Maui : 

Lahaina 2,000.00 

Wailuku, Maalaea, Kihei, and Makena. 3, 700. 00 

Koolau, Keanae 200.00 

Hana, Hamo'a 2,000.00 

Kaupo, Maalo 700. 00 

8, 600. 00 

Molokai : 

Pukoo 1,000.00 

Kamalo 2,400.00 

Kaunakakai 1,200.00 

4, 600. 00 

Oahu: 

Honolulu — 

Immigration wharf, Kakaako 2, 000. 00 

Pacific Mail wharf 13,600.00 

Coal wharf 5, 000. 00 

Likelike wharf 5,700.00 

Kinau wharf 11,000.00 

Kekuanaoa wharf 13,000.00 

Inter Island wharf 13, 000. 00 

Oceanic wharf 8, 000. 00 

Allen street wh arf 5, 000. 00 

Boat landing 500.00 

Brewer's wharf 12,000.00 

Nuuanu street wharf 14, 000. 00 

Sorenson's wharf 15,700.00 

Emmes wharf 5, 000. 00 

Cattle wharf 1,500.00 

Waianae, Waianae wharf 1, 000, 00 

126, 000. 00 

Kauai — 

Waimea wharf 3,500.00 

Nawiliwili wharf 2,500.00 

6, 000. 00 

BUOY8. 

Hawaii, Hilo 550.00 

Maui, Lahaina 150. 00 

Molokai, Kaunakakai 150. 00 

Cahu: 

Honolulu — 

Bell huoy $500.00 

Spar huoy 300.00 

7 channel buoys 1,200.00 

2 harbor buoys 1, 000. 00 

3, 000. 00 

Kauai, Waimea 150.00 

Marine railway, Honolulu 50, 000. 00 

Saluting battery, Honolulu 1,800.00 

Retaining wall for bar debris 40,000.00 

LIGHT-HOUSES. 

Hawaii : 

North Hilo, Laupahoehoe $200. 00 

South Hilo, Pepeekeo 800.00 

South Hilo, Paukaa 300.00 

South Kohala, Kawaihae 100. 00 

North Kohala, Mahukona 200. 00 

North Kohala, Kauhola 800.00 

2, 400. 00 



58 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under the Department of Interior, etc. — Continued. 

light-houses — continued. 
Maui: 

Lahiana $250.00 

Makena 50.00 

$300. 00 



Molokai : 

Kaunakakai 50. 00 

Lae o Ka Laau 3,750.00 



3, 800. 00 



Oahu: 

Honolulu, channel light and keeper's 

house 5, 000. 00 

Inner light 400.00 

Diamond Head light 7,500.00 

Barber's Point light 4,000.00 

Waialua light 100.00 

17, 000. 00 

Kauai, Nawiliwili 500.00 

WATERWORKS. 

Hawaii : 

Hilo $24,000.00 

Laupahoehoe 700. 00 



24, 700. 00 



Kauai, Koloa 3,000.00 

$1, 386, 200. 00 

HONOLULU WATERWORKS.* 

Office furniture and fixtures $3, 923. 00 

Reservoirs 78, 508. 00 

Pipesystem 258,780.00 

Pumping plant (Makiki) 10,000.00 

Pumping plant (Beretania St. ) 50, 000. 00 

Artesian wells 39,042.00 

Tools, hose, etc 3,691.00 

Materialin store 2,000.00 

Buildings 2,500.00 



448, 444. 00 



BUREAU OF ROADS, HONOLULU. 



Office furniture, etc 300.00 

Livestock 4,800.00 

Carts, wagons, and watering carts 4, 200. 00 

Harness 910.00 

Eailroad and rolling stock 1,000.00 

Stonecrusher and appurtenances 1, 200. 00 

2 road rollers 3,300.00 

Tools and implements 2, 450. 00 

Portable crusher 1,600.00 



19,760.00 



ROAD BOARDS, OUTER DISTRICTS. 

24 boards, at $800 19,290.00 

*The Honolulu waterworks receipts for 6 years, to June 30, 1898, 

amounted to $302,800.55 

The running expenses and general repairs for the same time 91, 402. 80 

Net earnings 211,397.75 

Or annual average 35, 232. 95 

Which, at 7 per cent, would give as commercial value, Bay 503, 328. 00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 59 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued. 

FIBE DEPARTMENT, HONOLULU. 

2 steam fire engines $15, 000. 00 

1 chemical fire engine 2, 500. 00 

3 hose wagons 2, 500. 00 

1 hook and ladder truck 300.00 

12 horses 2,400.00 

7 sets double and single harness and hangers 1, 000. 00 

6,670 feet 2i-inch fire hose 5,052.50 

1 supply wagon 150. 00 

9 exercising saddles 67. 50 

400 feet 1-inch fire hose (chemical) 200.00 

200 feet |-inch hose 14.00 

4 hose jumpers 400. 00 

6 fire extinguishers (chemical) 360. 00 

5 Eastman holders 250,00 

2baUnozzles 150.00 

1 two-way deluge set 120. 00 

4 alarm gongs 250. 00 

24 fire hats 150.00 

1 desk and fittings 75.00 

lsafe 100.00 

1 letterpress 7.50 

40 chairs 100.00 

4 clocks 25.00 

2 tables .' 57.00 

4tables (small) 10.00 

1 bookcase 37.00 

14 chairs 21.00 

27 bedsteads, mattresses, and fittings 216. 00 

2 spare engine wheels 100. 00 

2fire bells 75.00 

Electrical fixtures 392.00 

2 dozen lanterns 24.00 

1 case axes 18. 00 

Sundry equipments and furniture 567.25 



FIRE DEPARTMENT, TTTLO. 



1 steam fire engine 5,000.00 

1 hose cart 250.00 

lhose reel 200.00 

800 feet 2i-inch fire hose 475. 00 

Sundry equipments 400.00 



BOARD OF HEALTH. 

Office furniture, safe, 2 bookcases, etc 800. 00 

Government Dispensary : 

Building $1,800.00 

Furniture 200.00 

Drugs and instruments 700.00 

2,700.00 

House to mitigate : Building, furniture, and 

drugs 200.00 

Garbage service : 

Buildings 800.00 

Excavator and 2 pumps 400. 00 

4 carts and 1 wagon 480. 00 

5 mules, 1 horse, and 6 sets of harness . . 1, 000. 00 
Hose, tools, etc 250.00 

2,930.00 



$32, 688. 75 



6, 325. 00 



60 



ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued. 

board of health— continued. 
Quarantine station: 

No. 1 Corral, Coolie quarters $2, 000. 00 

No. 2 Corral, Coolie quarters 1, 000. 00 

1st class house 2,000.00 

Keeper's house 200.00 

2 hospitals 1,200.00 

15 other houses 2,200.00 

Machinery and disinfecting huilding.. 2,000.00 

Electric dynamo with connections 1, 600. 00 

Disinfecting plant 3,800.00 

Fumigating plant 500. 00 

Fumigating plant at Pacific mail wharf. 2, 800. 00 

Bridge and wharf 2,500.00 

Water pipes and tanks 2, 000. 00 

Furniture, tools, etc 600. 00 

$23, 400. 00 

Ealihi receiving station : 

Buildings and fence 2, 250. 00 

Boiler, baths, furniture, and tools 250.00 

Water pipes, cart, and harness 350. 00 

2,850.00 

Kapiolani Home : 

Sisters' house and dormitories 1,800.00 

Other buildings 500.00 

Carriage, horse, furniture, tools, etc 200. 00 

Tank, 2 stoves, and furniture 450. 00 

2, 950. 00 

Kalihi laboratory : Instruments and drugs 658. 00 

Quarantine buildings at Kakaako, 9 houses 900. 00 

Food inspectors' office : Furniture, etc 100. 00 

Insane Asylum : 

Manager's house 3, 000. 00 

Office furniture and safe 260. 00 

Dispensary furniture and drugs 280. 00 

House furniture 248. 00 

WardNo. 1 building 2,500.00 

Bath house, boiler, baths, etc 1, 000. 00 

Poi house, steam tanks, etc 200. 00 

1 house 100.00 

Ward No. 2, building 2,000.00 

Dining room, kitchen, and utensils 235. 00 

30 iron bedsteads 120.00 

2 fire extinguishers 60. 00 

Ward No. 3, building , 3, 000. 00 

Furniture, etc 370.00 

Ward No. 4, building 6,000.00 

1 house 600.00 

1 house 450.00 

5houses 450.00 

Bed and table linen 200.00 

Tank, wagon, 2 handcarts, harness, 

tools,etc 820.00 

3 horses and 1 buggy 525.00 

Electric-light fixings 200. 00 

22, 618. 00 

Leper-receiving cells : 
Hawaii — 

Hilo, 1 building 150.00 

N. Hilo, 1 building 150.00 

Hamakua, 1 building 150. 00 

S. Kohala, 1 building .. 150. 00 

N. Kohala, 1 building 150. 00 

Hookena, 1 building 150.00 _ 

S.Kona,l building 150.00 

Kau, 1 building 150. 00 

Puna, 1 building 150.00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 61 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued. 

board of health — continued. 

Leper -receiving cells — Continued. 
Maui — 

Wailuku, 1 building $150. 00 

Paia, 1 building 150.00 

Hana, 1 building 150.00 

Nu'u, 1 building 150.00 

Kauai Waimea, 1 building 150.00 

$2, 100. 00 

Koloa hospital, Kauai: 

Building 1,000.00 

Furniture, etc 150.00 

1, 150. 00 

Malulani hospital, Wailuku, Maui : 

Buildings 2,500.00 

Furniture 1,800.00 

Drugs and supplies 1, 000. 00 

5, 300. 00 

Hilo hospital: Building, furniture, drugs, 

etc 4,000.00 

Leper settlement, Molokai : 

Superintendents, visitors, and out- 
houses 1,600.00 

Furniture 290.00 

1, 890. 00 

Office and material house 450. 00 

Furniture and materi al 540. 00 

990. 00 

Molokai store building, 2 safes, desks, 

etc 980.00 

Stock, estimated 5,000.00 

5, 980. 00 

Slaughterhouse 500.00 

Butcher shop, tools, etc 540. 00 

1, 040. 00 

Bath house, baths, boiler, etc 470. 00 

3 warehouses and fixtures 1, 650. 00 

Schoolhouse and furniture 250. 00 

Jail building and furniture 420. 00 

Beretania Hall, musical instruments, 

etc 1,300.00 

2 dispensaries, drugs, instruments, etc. . 700. 00 

Carpenter's and blacksmith's shops, 

tools, etc 250.00 

Ox carts, yokes, bows, chains, etc 560. 00 

1 hearse, 2 handcarts and tools 250. 00 

20,000 feet lumber 320.00 

3, 380. 00 

Doctor's, visitor's, and out houses, Kala- 
wao 450.00 

Furniture 60.00 

Hospital buildings, boiler, baths, fur- 
niture, etc 2,120.00 

2, 630. 00 

Baldwin Home, Kalawao, 58 buildings. 9, 100. 00 
Furniture, baths, carts, tools, etc 3, 530. 00 

12, 630. 00 

86 houses at Kalawao 6,485. 00 

Bishop's Home, Kalaupapa, and sisters' 

dwelling 2,500.00 

34 other buildings 4,900.00 

Sewerage plant 2,000.00 

Boiler, baths, furniture, carts, tools, etc. 1, 835. 00 

11, 235. 00 

126 houses at Kalaupapa 14,075.00 



62 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued, 

board of health — continued. 

Leper settlement, Molokai — Continued. 
Waterworks : 

20,250 feet 4-inch pipe; 12, 250 feet 
3-inch pipe; 50,000 feet 2-inch 
pipe; service pipes and fittings.. $12, 500. 00 

2 reservoirs 4,000.00 

$61, 500. 00 

Live stock : 

651 head cattle 9,765.00 

Hhorses 280.00 

112 asses 560.00 



10, 605. 00 



$162,886.00 



GOVERNMENT SURVEY. 

Office furniture and helongings 2,000.00 

Manuscript maps, records, and field hooks 253, 250. 00 

Surveying instruments 2, 000. 00 

Clock, chronometers, and meteorological outfit 800. 00 

Tools and field outfits 400.00 

Library, including foreign maps 500. 00 

Island maps for sale or distribution 500.00 

Observatory building and pier 300. 00 

Tide-gauge building, well, and instrument 250. 00 



260, 000. 00 



GOVERNMENT LANDS UNDER CONTROL OF THE MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR. 

Hawaii : 
Hilo— 

Lot at Makaoku, 18.85 acres $7, 540. 00 

Island of Mokuola, 3. 80 acres 3, 800. 00 

Eock and shoal, 26.62 acres 5,000.00 

Lot at Waiakea, No. 1, 4 acres 8, 000. 00 

Lot at Waiakea, No. 2, 3.5 acres ... 7, 000. 00 

Lot, Ponahawai, No. 1, 16.6 acres ... 33, 200. 00 

Lot, Ponahawai, No. 2, 3. 11 acres ... 6, 220. 00 

Lot, Ponahawai, No. 3, J and 1-& 

acres 5,800.00 

Lot, Piihonua, No. 1, 11.9 acres 29, 750. 00 

Lot, Piihonua, No. 2, 3.4 acres 10., 200. 00 

Lot, Piihonua, No. 3, 4.3 acres 12, 900. 00 

Block A, 2 acres 20,000.00 

Block B, 1.26 acres 15,000.00 

Lot, makai Front st., 1 acre 8, 000. 00 

Lot, court-house, 1.3 acres 3, 900. 00 

Lot, Hilo jail, 1.4 acres 2. 800. 00 

Lot, court-house, Laupahoehoe, 

one-fifth acre 200.00 

Lot adjoining lauding, Laupahoe- 
hoe, three-fifths acre 700. 00 

Hamakua : Lot, court-house, 1 acre 200. 00 

South Kohala: Lot, court-house, Wai- 

mea, two-thirds acre 200. 00 

North Kohala : Lot, court-house, 1£ acres 500. 00 
North Kona — 

Lot, court-house, Kailua, 1£ acres. . 500. 00 

Lot near landing, Kailua, 0.7 acre . . 710. 00 

Lot, court-house, Hookena, 0.22 

acre 220.00 

Lot near landing, Hookena, 0.15 

acre 150.00 

Lot, Hookena town, 0.05 acre 50. 00 

Lot, court-house, Waiohinu, three- 
fourths acre N 200.00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 63 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, etc. — Continued. 

GOVERNMENT LANDS UNDER CONTROL OP THE MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR — Cont'd. 

Hawaii — Continued. 
Kau — 
Puna — Lot, court-house, one-fourth 

acre $100.00 

$182,840.00 

Maui: 

Lahaina — 

Lot, court-house, 2 acres 3, 000. 00 

Lot, Pelekane (taro), 1.92 acres 384. 00 

Lot, prison, 0.80 acre . : 1, 000. 00 

Lot, fish market, 0.1 acre 200.00 

Lot on heach, 0.3 acre 600. 00 

Wailuku — 

Lot, court-house, 0.68 acres 680. 00 

Lot, hospital, 2 acres 1, 000. 00 

Makawao — 

Lot, court-house, 0.96 acre 400. 00 

Lot at Paia, 0.50 acre 200.00 

Hana — Lot, court-house 200. 00 

Molokai — 
Molokai — 

Lot, court-house 200.00 

7, 864. 00 

Oahu: 

Honolulu — 

Lots, Esplanade, 22 acres 800, 000. 00 

Lot, Brewer Building, 4,000 square 

feet 6,000.00 

Lot, California Feed Co. Building, 

2,400 square feet 3,600.00 

Lot, old custom-house, 4,000 square 

feet 6,000.00 

Lot, Queen street (makai side) 2,700 

square feet 4, 050. 00 

Lot, Queen street (mauka side) 0.37 

acre 15,000.00 

Lot,Brewer Warehouse, 5,600 square 

feet 5,600.00 

Lot, extension Queen street (tide 

lands Youmans), 4.859 acres 20, 000. 00 

Lot, corner Maunakea and Queen 

streets, 0.3 acre 9,000.00 

Lot, central fire station, one-fourth 

acre 10,000.00 

Lot, Maunakea street, fire station, 

2,625 square feet 2,625.00 

Lot, Kulaokahua, fire station, 0.7 

acre 1,500.00 

Lot, Kapalama, fire station, one- 
third acre 2,000.00 

Lot, Executive Building, 11 acres .. 165, 000. 00 
Lot, Judiciary Building, 5.1 acres.. 76, 500. 00 

Lot, barracks, 1.8 acres 21,600.00 

Lot, Miller street, 0.47 acre 4, 700. 00 

Lot, Government Dispensary, 0.19 

acre 3,800.00 

Lot, Honolulu post-office, 0. 1 acre . . 20, 000. 00 

Lot, station house, 0.22 acre 25, 000. 00 

Lot, Honolulu Hale, one-fifth acre . . 35, 000. 00 

Lot, Bethel street, No. 1, 0.2 acre 25, 000. 00 

Lot, Bethel street, No. 2, 0.03 acre.. . 1, 200. 00 

Lot, River Park, 3.82 acres 38,200.00 

Lot, Marine Park, 11.54 acres 11, 540. 00 

Lot, Kaaukukui, 28 acres 28, 000. 00 

Lot, Thomas square, 6.704 acres 40, 000. 00 

Lot, old kerosene warehouse, 0.7 

acre 4,000.00 

Lot, Emma square, 0.6 acre 6, 000. 00 



64 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under Department of the Interior, ete. — Continued. 
GOVERNMENT LANDS UNDER CONTROL OF THE MINISTER OK THE INTERIOR — cont'd. 

Onlin — Continued. 

Honolulu — Continued. 

Government nursery, King street, 

2.48 acres $12,400.00 

Government parade ground (Maki- 

ki Park). 2.96 acres 14, 800. 00 

Auwaiolimu land, leased to Kapio- 

lani. 500 acres 100, 000. 00 

Punchbowl lands and Kewalo, re- 
served for Bureau Agrioulture, 

222 acres 44,400.00 

Tantalus lots. 40.5 acres 24, 750. 00 

Makiki Ridge lots. 19.2 acres 9, 600. 00 

Makiki Valley lauds, 808.5 acres ... 32, 340. 00 

Manoa Ridge Top, 81.15 acres 8, 115. 00 

Diamond Head property, 729 acres. 18, 225. 00 
Kaiuolani Park property, 165.3 

acres ' 82,650.00 

Nuuanu Valley property, Kahap- 

aakai, 2.220 acres 44,400.00 

Lot. eleotrio-light station, 8 acres.. 4, 000. 00 

Hanaiakamalama, 9.81 acres 9, 810. 00 

Lot adjoining Kapena Falls, 0.8 acre 400. 00 

Mausoleum lot (Nuuanu), 4 acres .. 8, 000. 00 

Lower reservoir lot, 1.14 acres 1, 140. 00 

Kunawai Springs, L$ and 0.43 acres. 965. 00 

Lot, Liliha street, 1 . 2 acres 1, 800. 00 

Insane asylum property, 13.66 acres. 13, 660. 00 

Knwili lot, King street, 10.63 acres. 15, 945. 00 

Oaku prison property, 2.7 acres 10, 800. 00 

Lots near prison, 0.8' acre 3, 200. 00 

Lot. Iwilei laundry, 3.12 acres 6, 240. 00 

E wa — lot, court-bouse, 0.587 acre 200. 00 

YYaianae — lot, court-bouse, one-fourtb 

acre 100.00 

Waialua — lot, court-bouse, 1 acre 300. 00 

Koolauloa — lot, court-bouse 100. 00 

Koolaupoko — lot, court-bouse, Kaneobe, 

one-fourtb acre 100.00 

$1, 859, 355. 00 

Kauai : 

Waimea — lot, court-bouse, one-fourtb 

acre 100.00 

Koloa — lot, court-house, 39.932 square 

feet 400.00 

Libuo— lot, court-bouse 100. 00 

Kawaihau — lot, court-house, one-fourth 

acre 100.00 

Hanalei— lot, court-house 100. 00 

800. 00 

$2, 050, 859. 00 

Total 4,612,766.66 

RECAPITULATION. 

Interior office $155,082.16 

Registrv of conveyances 71, 321. 75 

Bureau "of public works 1, 386, 200. 00 

Honolulu water works 448, 444. 00 

Bureau of Honolulu roads 19, 760. 00 

Road boards, outer districts 19,200.00 

Fire department, Honolulu 32, 688. 75 

Fire department, Hilo .- 6, 325. 00 

Board of health 162, 8S6.00 

Government survey 260, 000. 00 

Government lands 2,050,859.00 

\ 

4, 612, 766. 66 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. G5 

4. 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the judiciary department of the 
Republic of Hawaii September 30, 1808. 

ISLAND OF OAIIU. 

Supreme and circuit courts: 

Law library, 5,350 volumes $17,000.00 

Hawaiian Reports and Statutes in stock, 2,875 volumes 5, 000. 00 

5 large desks 375. 00 

130 chairs 390.00 

4 large carpets 40. 00 

21 benches 75. 00 

10 tables 50. 00 

1 koa robe case 80. 00 

2 bookcases 25. 00 

5 lounges 50. 00 

2 clocks 30. 00 

4 clerk's desks 40. 00 

12 cupboards 240. 00 

5 bookcases (glass doors) 250.00 

4 typewriters 400. 00 

2 iron safes 300. 00 

1 letterpress 10. 00 

6 court seals 30. 00 

3 counters 75. 00 

8 bookstands 80.00 

6 portrait paintings - 2, 000. 00 

Record books and records 50, 000. 00 

Stationery 300. 00 

Total 76, 840. 00 

District court of Honolulu : 

Hawaiian Reports, Statutes, etc 50. 00 

Civil and criminal record books 100. 00 

1 safe (old fashion) 25. 00 

Furniture, cupboards, etc 265. 00 

Total 440. 00 

District court of Ewa: 

Session Laws, 40 copies (English and Hawaiian) 40. 00 

Hawaiian Reports, 10 volumes 30. 00 

Civil and Penal Codes, 4 copies 12. 00 

Records and stationery 25. 00 

Total 107.00 

District court of Waianae: 

Hawaiian Reports, 8 volumes 24. 00 

Session Laws, 23 copies (English and Hawaiian) 23. 00 

Total 47. 00 

District court of Waialua: 

Hawaiian Reports, 9 volumes . 27. 00 

Session Laws, 15 copies 15. 00 

Furniture, etc 15. 00 

Total 57.00 

District court of Koolanpoko: 

Hawaiian Report, 9 volumes 27. 00 

Session Laws, 5 copies 5. 00 

Record book, 1 10.00 

Total 42^00 

Total for island of Oahu 77, 533. 00 

HAW 5* 

. -rtm. 



66 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the judiciary department of the 
Republic of Hawaii, etc.— Continued. 

ISLAND OF MAUI. 

Circuit and district courts of Wailuku : 

Session Laws, 40 copies (English and Hawaiian)...... ^™ 

Hawaiian Report, 12 volumes (English and Hawaiian) 6b. VV 

American and English Encyclopedia of Law, text-books, etc., 65 

1 vault *:";: n ^ 

Desks, furniture, stationery, etc <khauu 

Total I 039 ' 00 

District court of Lahaina: #> 

Session Laws, 36 copies (English and Hawaiian) 6b. W 

Hawaiian Report, 10 volumes ak'nfi 

Furniture and stationery to&.UU 

Total .- 131 - 00 

District court of Hana : 

Hawaiian Report, 10 volumes ......-.- 6V.vv) 

Session Laws, 20 copies (English and Hawaiian) £J- w 

Furniture, etc _ Zb - W 

Total - 75 - 00 

District court of Makawao : ,, „ nm 

Session Laws, 20 copies (English and Hawaiian) M-W 

Hawaiian Report, 10 volumes «W.W 

Records and furniture gb.uu 

Total * 136 - 00 

District courts of Molokai and Lanai: 

Session Laws, 40 copies (English and Hawaiian) *"• w 

Civil and Penal Laws, 4 copies ]i'c\(\ 

Furniture and stationery '______ 

Total - 92 - 00 

Total for island of Maui *> ° 69 - 00 

ISLAND OF HAWAII. 

Circuit courts of Hawaii: ,,,_.... R - m 

H awaiian Report, 19 volumes (English and Hawaiian) 5 i . W 

Civil and Penal Laws, 4 copies ----- )?• ^ 

Session Laws, 60 copies (English and Hawaiian) W.vv 

■ American and English Encyclopedia of Law, 31 volumes J6.W 

Encyclopedia of Pleading and Practice, 12 volumes 6b. Wj 

Text-books, etc., 25 volumes ii} - vv 

Total - 333 - 00 

District court of South Kona: 

Hawaiian Report, 10 volumes w. uu 

Session Laws, 18 copies (English and Hawaiian) i&- JJj 

Civil Laws, 4 copies 40 00 

Furniture, stationery, etc 

Total - M^g 

District courts of East and West Kau: 

Hawaiian Report, 2 volumes - °-"" 

Civil Laws, 4 copies --- -..---- £ • ft 

Session Laws, 20 copies (English and Hawaiian) ^' uu 

„ . , 38.00 

Total --\ 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 67 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the judiciary department of the 
Republic of Hawaii, etc. — Continued. 

island of Hawaii — continued. 

District court of North Hilo : 

Hawaiian Report, 10 volumes $30.00 

Civil Laws, 6 copies 18. 00 

Session Laws, 16 copies (English and Hawaiian) 16. 00 

Record hooks, stationery, furniture, etc 36. 00 



Total 100.00 



District court of South Hilo : 

Hawaiian Report, 10 volumes 30. 00 

Hawaiian Report, 2 volumes (Hawaiian) 6. 00 

Civil and Penal Codes, 4 copies 12.00 

Session Laws, 28 copies (English and Hawaiian) 28. 00 

Civil Laws, 5 copies 15. 00 

Record hooks, stationery, etc 75.00 



Total 166.00 



District court of Puna : 

Session Laws, 13 copies 13. 00 

Records and stationery 15. 00 



Total 28.00 

Total for island of Hawaii 765. 00 

ISLAND OF KAUAI. 
Circuit court : 

Hawaiian Report (English and Hawaiian), 18 volumes 54. 00 

Civil and Penal Laws, 6 copies 18. 00 

American and English Encyclopedia of Law; Encyclopedia of Plead- 
ing and Practice, etc., 64 volumes 256.00 

Record books, furniture, stationery, etc 75. 00 



Total 403.00 



District court of Lihue : 

Session Laws, 24 copies 24. 00 

Civil and Penal Laws, 2 copies 6. 00 

Furniture, stationery, etc 50. 00 



Total 80.00 



District court of Koloa : 

Compiled Laws, 2 copies 6, 00 

Civil and Penal Laws, 5 copies 15. 00 

Hawaiian Report, 5 volumes 15. 00 

Session Laws, 14 copies (English and Hawaiian) 14. 00 

Records, stationery, etc 50. 00 



Total 100 HO 



District court of Kawaihau: 

Session Laws, 28 copies (Engish and Hawaiian) 28. 00 

Furniture and stationery 25. 00 



Total 53.OO 



District court of Waimea : 

Hawaiian Report, 10 volumes 30. 00 

Session Laws, 9 copies 9. 00 

Civil and Penal Laws, 3 copies 9. 00 

Total 48.00 



68 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the judiciary department of the 
9 Eepullic of Haivaii, etc.— Continued. 

island of kauai — continued. 

District court of Hanalei: ^2 n0 

Session Laws, 12 copies * ■ „ 

Compiled Laws, 1 volume i%'cvh 

Civil and Penal Laws, 4 copies ^-"" 

Eecords and stationery ■__ 

Total - 47 - 00 

Total for island of Kauai 73L 00 

RECAPITULATION. 

ti a *n«*„ 77,533.00 

Island of Q ahu 1 069.00 

Island of Maui ' 76500 

Island of Hawaii 7S1 nn 

Island of Kauai ' 61 - w 

Total 80 > 098 - 00 






5. 

Inventory of Government property in the possession of the finance office August 12, 1898. 

1 burglar proof gold safe $ Snn0 

1 burglar time-lock safe 210 00 

Large vault fittings 150' 00 

Koa table, minister's office inn no 

Oak desk and top, registrar office do 00 

Standing koa desk and stool 20 00 

1 counter desk 25 00 

1 counter cask desk v:'"„ i/tn nn 

1 typewriter desk, "Smith Premier machine" In 00 

1 koa cask and warrant cabinet 25 00 

6 walnut cane-seat chairs in 00 

1 revolving library chair fioo 00 

Koa counter and railings 50 00 

7 floor rugs - --■ nn 

1 revolving door rack An" nn 

1 letter and document cabinet qn 00 

1 check-cancelling machine 75 00 

3 sets of coin scales 25 00 

Dating and cancelling stamps so 00 

Rubber stamps and case 00 00 

Walnut money trays - WW 

1 clock SO* 00 

Copying press and stand 75 00 

1 dressing case - K n'fiO 

Books, stationery, etc ouu ' vv 

Total furniture and fixtures ?' son nn 

Eevenue stamps, invoice value i, wv. w 

Total 5 > 100 - 00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 69 

Inventory of Government property in the possession of the tax offices August 31, 1898. 

First division, island of Oahu : 

1 safe $160. 00 

1 small safe 25. 00 

1 bookcase 100.00 

ldesk 25.00 

2 stationery cases 35. 00 

4 tables 50.00 

13 chairs 30.00 

1 Honolulu City map 3. 00 

13 law books 39.00 

4 coin trays 8.00 

1 letterpress 8. 00 

5 lamps 15. 00 

3 stamps 25. 00 

Desk furnishings 15. 00 

50 blank receipt books 25. 00 

Blanks and stationery 100. 00 

Total 663.00 

Second division, island of Maui: 

1 office table 25. 00 

14 assessment books 31. 00 

8 abstract books 28.00 

5 index books 5. 00 

29 receipt books 24. 25 

14 cash books 14.00 

5 law books 25.00 

26 session laws 26. 00 

1 map of Maui 5. 00 

30 detail maps and tracings 30. 00 

1 abstract book of assessment. 1.50 

6 books compiled informations 6. 00 

2 yearly report books 5. 00 

6 storage boxes for books 10. 00 

Blanks 10.00 

Desk furnishings 16. 77 

Total 262.52 

Third division, island of Hawaii : 

1 large koa table, cabinet top 40. 00 

2 small pine tables 7. 00 

1 koa bookcase 10. 00 

2 large pine bookcases 40. 00 

1 koa lounge 8. 00 

4 large armchairs 6. 00 

1 plain chair .50 

1 letterpress and stand ' 15. 00 

1 washstand 2.00 

1 old style German safe 50. 00 

Sundry books, other than records 80. 00 

1 typewriter, stationery, and records 66. 50 

Total ■. 275.00 

Fourth division, island of Kauai : 

1 old copy press 3. 00 

Rubber stamps and dates 8. 00 

2 bookstands and sundries 6^ 60 

Total 17.60 

Grand total , 1,218.12 



70 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of government property in the possession of the customs bureau August SI, 1S98. 

Collector's office : 

1 black roll-top desk $35.00 

1 office chair, leather seat 3. 50 

1 large office table, square 25. 00 

1 revolving office chair, leather seat 5.00 

2 revolving office chairs, leather seat 7. 00 

1 revolving office chair, cane seat 1. 00 

1 large tap rug 3. 50 

1 oak bookcase 7. 50 

1 cedar bookrack 15. 00 

1 lot bound newspapers, Hawaiian (76 volumes) 76. 00 

1 lot encyclopedias (7) 25. 00 

1 lot of law books 5. 00 

1 Standard Dictionary 10. 00 

1 tin paper rack .25 

1 letter scale 1. 50 

1 door screen, wood 20. 00 

Hot of reports (72) 10.00 

1 office clock 10. 00 

1 lot (7) maps, Hawaiian Islands 15. 00 

Total 275.25 

Hallway from collector's office : 

1 ice chest 2. 50 

1 cane arm chair 3. 00 

1 typewriter stand 1. 50 

1 looking glass .50 

Total 7.50 

Main office : 

1 large iron safe < 500. 00 

1 small cash desk 5. 00 

1 office desk, high 20.00 

1 large office table 25. 00 

1 small iron safe 50. 00 

1 high office desk 20.00 

1 chest drawers 25. 00 

1 office table 20.00 

2officestools 5.00 

2 office chairs 4.50 

1 office desk, high 15. 00 

1 office desk, flat 7.50 

1 office counter 35.00 

10 office stamps and numbering 10. 00 

1 office typewriter, Barloch 50. 00 

1 office block calendar 15. 00 

2 office stands 20.00 

12 maps, island of Hawaii 15.00 

1 office railing, steel 50. 00 

1 lot of inkstands - 5.00 

Total 897.00 

Statistical department : 

2 high desks 10.00 

How desk 10.00 

4 tables 14.00 

2 office stools 2.00 

4 low chairs 4. 00 

1 locker 20.00 

1 locker, high 25.00 

1 letter press 5. 00 

9 wood lockers T 50. 00 

1 office clock 5.00 

1 water filter 1.50 

Total \ 146.50 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 71 

Appraiser's department : 

2 desks $20.00 

1 single desk 10.00 

1 Koa desk 10.00 

1 single desk 5. 00 

2 high stools 3.00 

3 office chairs 3. 75 

1 cabinet 3. 50 

1 bookcase 3. 00 

1 lot of old encyclopedias, 20 volumes 5. 00 

1 iron office railing 10. 00 

1 stone filter 1.00 

1 tin spittoon .25 

2 cane paper baskets .50 

1 table 1.25 

1 Standard Dictionary 10. 00 

1 paper scale 2. 50 

1 standard scale 25.00 

1 map of Hilo Bay 1. 00 

3 wood tables 15.00 

1 glass show case 10. 00 

4 wood tables and 10 wood horses 10. 00 

1 hand truck 2. 50 

1 case truck 1.50 

Total 153.75 

Appraiser's storekeeper department : 

ldesk 10.00 

1 stool 1.50 

9 paper clips 4. 50 

1 measuring rod 1. 50 

1 ready reckoner 2. 50 

2 hand trucks 5.00 

1 platform car 2. 50 

1 galvanized bucket .50 

1 shovel 1.00 

Total 29.00 

Gauger'B department : 

1 case hydrometer 10. 00 

1 agate pan •. 1. 00 

1 chemical outfit 100.00 

1 saleram wine, complete 90. 00 

1 water bath 15.00 

1 water still 10.00 

6 assorted copper measures, gill to gallon 5. 00 

5 assorted copper funnels 5. 00 

1 Westphalle's specific gravity bale 25.00 

3 wood tables 3. 50 

1 ice chest 2. 50 

Hot of tools 1.00 

1 armchair .75 

1 Ellis Premes scale... 10.00 

2 gauge rods, Stanley rule 25. 00 

ldesk 7.50 

1 chair 1.50 

Total 312.75 

Bonded storekeeper department : 

1 book rack 2. 50 

1 desk 5.00 

1 table 1.50 

1 clock 2. 00 

1 office railing 3. 50 

1 dictionary 1. 00 

1 armchair 1. 00 

1 stool 1.00 



72 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Bonded storekeeper department — continued. 

1 cupboard $2.00 

1 wood stool .50 

1 tin water cooler 1. 50 

4 trucks 10.00 

Hot of tools 1.00 

Total .' 32.50 



Harbor master's office : 

1 desk 3.50 

1 office rail 10. 00 

1 table 1.00 

ldesk 3.50 

4 cbairs 5. 00 

1 locker 10.00 

2 maps North Pacific 5.00 

1 map Honolulu water front 2. 50 

2 iron strong boxes 5. 00 

Total 45.50 



Port surveyor's office : 

ldesk 15.00 

1 table 2.50 

1 stool 1.50 

1 armchair. 1. 25 

1 lounge 5. 00 

1 inkstand, etc 1. 00 

1 set of lockers 15. 00 

Upstairs for "guards" — 

2 iron bedsteads and mattresses 15. 00 

20 stand bunks 20. 00 

1 chair and bed 1. 50 

Office on wharf — 

2 tables 3.50 

2 chairs 2.50 

8 lockers 5.00 

2 14-foot boats, old, complete 60. 00 

1 lot tools, yiz, buckets, brooms, etc 50. 00 

1 50-foot rubber hose 3. 50 



Total 202.25 



Pilots' office : 
Koom No. 1 — 

ldesk 10.00 

1 table 2.50 

7 armchairs 8. 75 

2 spittoons .50 

1 clock 2.50 

1 filter 2.00 

3 maps and frames 5. 00 

2 barometers 15. 00 

4 cotton window shades 1. 00 

1 pair marine glasses '. 15. 00 

Room No. 2 — 

1 iron bed and mattress 3. 50 

1 lounge 2. 50 

1 table .' 2.00 

1 chair 1. 25 

3 whaleboats, complete 600. 00 

5 window shades 1. 25 

2 buckets .50 

50 feet of hose 3. 50 

1 Code International Signals - 25. 00 

4 straw mattresses 2. 00 

4 spittoons 1. 00 

3 mats 1. 50 

Total 1 696.25 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 73 

Custom-house at Kahului : 

2 tables $30. 00 

ldesk 20.00 

1 iron safe 200. 00 

1 letter press 5. 00 

1 stamp 5.00 

5 chairs 8.00 

1 cupboard 5.00 

lboat 80.00 

Total 353.00 

Custom-house at Mahukona: 

. 1 desk ] 

1 table I 

1 chair > 25.00 

1 horse, bridle, and saddle. 
12 volumes of laws 

Custom-house at Hilo: 

1 iron safe 200.00 

1 desk 15.00 

2 tables 10.00 

1 letter press 5. 00 

1 seal and cupboard 7. 50 

1 still for testing spirits 25. 00 

4 inkstands 2.00 

Sundries 15. 00 

Total 279.00 

Grand total 3,456.25 

Inventory of Government property in the possession of postal bureau August 31, 1898. 

Postmaster-General's office: 

1 roller-top writing desk $60.00 

1 desk chair 6.00 

1 office chair 2.00 

2 ordinary chairs 2. 00 

1 typewriter and desk 100. 00 

1 washstand 1. 50 

1 bowl and pitcher .75 

1 Lyons & McN ally's atlas 35. 00 

1 inkstand 1.00 

Total 208.25 

Lower floor: 

1 large safe, I. I. S. N. Co 275.00 

1 nest newspaper distributiug boxes 500.00 

1 pair Fairbank's scales 10. 00 

1 letter copy press 10. 00 

5 distributing tables 35. 00 

1 Hall's safe (stamp safe) . . : 150. 00 

2 stamping tables • 20. 00 

1 clock 10.00 

3 side lamps 2. 00 

1 hanging lamp 5. 00 

2 water filters 18.00 

2 iron cranes 10. 00 

Dating stamps and cancelers 30. 00 

3 office chairs 3. 00 

2 office stools 8.00 

2 pair scales 15. 00 

3 twine rollers .75 

26 office baskets (assorting mail) 50. 00 

Total 1,151.75 



74 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

General delivery office : 

1 standing desk $25. 00 

1 office desk 15.00 

1 desk (without legs) 5. 00 

1 Dieboldsafe 190.00 

3 inkstands 6.00 

1 arm rest .75 

1 post-office delivery (tin) .75 

1 fumi gator 5.00 

Total 247.50 

General post-office : 

1 standing desk (upstairs) „ 25. 00 

1 mimeograph 25. 00 

200 mail bags (lock) 6A0. 00 

200 mail hags (open) 200.00 

1 furnace 10.00 

Total 860.00 

Secretary's office: 

lsafe 500.00 

ldesk 15.00 

1 desk table 25.00 

1 office chair 5. 00 

1 arm chair 3. 00 

1 office stool 4.00 

Total 552.00 

Registered letter office : 

1 magneso-calcite safe 100. 00 

3 office desks 40.00 

2 office chairs 10. 00 

1 bookcase 15. 00 

1 iron safe (box) 13. 00 

1 letter copy press 10. 00 

Total 188.00 

Postal savings bank : 

1 large safe 150.00 

1 standing office desk 25. 00 

1 desk (table) (double row drawers) 25. 00 

1 desk (table) (single row drawers) 15. 00 

1 table 5.00 

1 office stool 

3 office chairs 6.00 

1 bookcase 50. 00 

3 inkstands 2. 00 

1 Bates line dating machine 11.00 

1 Bates numbering machine 11. 00 

4 cash trays 3.00 

Total 303.00 

Money-order business : 

l'safe 500.00 

2 standing desks (office) 123. 50 

1 office desk 25.00 

1 copy press 10. 00 

2 office chairs 1.50 

1 office stool 5. 00 

1 calendar clock -. 15. 00 

1 coin table 5. 00 

ldesk (table) 15.00 

1 advice stand 20. 00 

\ 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 75 

Money-order business — Continued. 

3 inkstands $1. 00 

5 cash trays 7. 50 

Total 728.50 

Furniture and appurtenances, country offices 1, 117. 00 

Stamps in stock, invoice value 1,307.94 

I 'ostal cards 1 4 1 . 05 

Stamp dies, in custody of American Bank Note Company, New York 1, 200. 00 

Grand total 8, 007. 99 

Inventory of Government properly in the posnesxion of the Audit Bureau August 31, 1898. 

lsafe $200.00 

1 riling cabinet 100.00 

1 large Koa table 80.00 

1 roller-top desk 45. 00 

1 Densmore typewriter (old; 45. 00 

4 standing desks fold) 60.00 

1 wooden filing cupboard (old) 10.00 

5 office chairs and 2 stools 12.00 

1 copy press and table 5. 00 

Total 557.00 



6. 

Inventory of government property under department of foreign affairs as of August 

12, 1808. 

Main office: 

High desk (old) $10.00 

4 tables 110. (X) 

Bookcase .' 50. 00 

Filing cabinet 50. 00 

8 chairs '. 80.00 

Rug 50.00 

Typewriters and tables 150. 00 

Pictures and maps 30. 00 

Safe 200.00 

Safe 50.00 

Office sundries 50. 00 

Clock 10.00 

Music rack 10.00 

Foreign office library 500. 00 

Total 1,350.00 

President's room : 

Koa cabinet table 100.00 

Roll-top desk 100. 00 

2 pier glasses 400. 00 

17 chairs 85.00 

Fancy table 10.00 

Rug 50.00 

Bookcase 30.00 

Bookstand 5.00 

Pictures 50.00 

Total : 830.00 

Tower rooms: 

Desks, chairs, and typewriter 150. 00 

Lounge 20.00 

Total 170.00 



76 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Minister's room : 

Desk and tables $150.00 

Bugs 35.00 

Bookcase 20. 00 

Bookcase 50. 00 

Bevolving case 20. 00 

Filing cabinet 30. 00 

Side table 30. 0U 

Cbairs 90.00 

Pictures 50.00 

Stationery and sundries 30. 00 

Wardrobe 150.00 

Safe 50.00 

Lounge 20.00 

Total 725.00 

Old palace furniture in use at officers' club 2, 000. 00 

Old palace furniture in storerooms, etc 3, 000. 00 

Total ■ 5,000.00 

Military equipment as per annexed schedule 50, 000. 00 

Total 58,675.00 

1 case of silver tableware 1, 500. 00 

1 six-oared lapstreak gig 450. 00 

Grand total 60,625.00 



Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, August 30, 1898. 
Hon. Henry E. Cooper, 

Minister of Foreign Affairs. 
Sir: In pursuance of General Orders, ~No. 9, 1 herewith submit an 
inventory" of the government property in the possession of the national 
guard of Hawaii, as follows : 

Ordnance department. 

ON HAND. 



117,000 rounds 45/70 ammunition. 
19,800 rounds .44 ammunition. 
65,000 rounds No. 2£ percussion primers. 
400 pounds 405 grain .45 bullets. 
15 kegs F. G. rifle powder. 
Driggs-Schroeder : 

2 naval landing pieces, 12-pounders. 

239 common shell. 

240 canister. 
1,250 primers. 

71 cartridge cases. 
Hotchkiss : 

2 2-pound mountain howitzers. 

870 common shell. 

946 canister. 
8 c. m. Austrian battery : 

8 brass pieces, with 8 limbers for 
same. 

137 percussion shell. 

50 time shells. 

198 canister. 

400 charges powder. 

465 friction primers, length 2,390. 

350 percussion heads for shell. 



7 cm. Austrian battery : 

3 brass pieces. 
16 time shells. 

13 percussion shells. 
312 charges powder. 
1,471 friction primers, length 1.75, 
also suit Hotchkiss. 
Gatling guns : 

2 5-barrel, mounted on wheels, with 
2 limbers and 98 feeders. 
Extras, etc. : 

4 quadrants, or range finders. 
8 extra sights for 8 cm. guns. 

1 box tools, wrenches, and turn screw 
set. 

22 boxes gas checks, rings, and disks, 
breech thumbscrews in pairs aud 
partly complete for 8 cm. gun. 

8 boxes gas checks, rings, and disks, 
breech thumbscrews in pairs and 
partly complete for 7 cm. gun. 

1 box extra" parts assorted for 8 cm. 
gun. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



77 



Ordnance department — Continued. 
ON hand — continued. 



Extras, etc. — Continued. 

4 dummy shells for JDriggs-Schroeder 

gun. 
10 shells, rifled for 45/70 for Driggs 

Schroeder gun cases. 
80 cartridges, for Hotchkiss guns. 
8 riding saddles, for Austrian battery. 
8 sets harness, for Austrian battery. 
16 pack saddles, for Austrian battery. 
Rifles: 

13 Lee-Kemington, 45/70. 

2 Springfield, 45/70. 

33 Springfield, out of order (used for 
drill purposes). 

3 carbines. 

15 each, cartridge belts, scabbards, 
and bayonets. 

30 gun slings. 

161 sword bayonets and scabbards. 
3 pistol holsters. 

208 magazines for Lee-Remington 
rifles. 
Springfield, extra parts : 

16 new stocks. 

Lot of sears, tumblers, firing pins, 

screws, springs, extractors, etc. 
30 ramrods. 
Armorer's shop : 
1 anvil. 

1 portable forge. 
1 set blacksmith's tools. 
1 lathe, 5-inch center foot, and tools. 

1 2.76 shell crimper. 

2 vises, bench. 

3 vises, hand. 
1 anvil bench. 

1 hand brace. 

2 power braces. 
2 handsaws. 

1 hack-saw frame. 

5 assorted hammers. 
25 assorted files. 

2 monkey wrenches. 

1 compass. 

2 callipers. 
2 squares. 

1 set steel stamping letters. 
1 set steel stamping numerals. 
1 screw gauge. 

1 set steel rimers. 

2 stocks and dies. 
12 screw taps. 
Twist drills, assorted. 
Punches, assorted. 

5 soldering bits. 
1 gasoline lamp. 
7 bottles chemicals, assorted. 
25 pounds steel and rod iron, assorted. 
12 kegs saluting powder. 
1,500 .38-caliber pistol cartridges. 
In hands of field and staff, noncommis- 
sioned staff, and companies : 
13,009 rounds 45/70 ammunition. 
354 Springfield rifles. 
54 Lee- Remington rifles. 
414 bayonets. 



In hands of field and staff, noncommis- 
sioned staff, and companies — Cont'd. 
413 bayonet scabbards. 
413 cartridge belts. 
135 gun slings. 
31 revolvers. 
35 pistol holsters. 
825 pistol cartridges. 
34 cartridge boxes. 

42 swords. 

43 sword belts. 

Quartermaster's department. 

On hand : 
2 drums. 

1 bugle. 

5 bedsteads. 
220 mattress ticks. 
67 pillow ticks. 
210 blankets. 

2 mosquito nets. 

2 stretchers. 
134 haversacks. 
483 canteens. 

3 United States flags. 
12 signal flags. 

48 tents and poles. 

26 pairs white trousers. 

7 pairs blue trousers, officers'. 

27 blouses, enlisted men. 
7 blouses, officers'. 

1 cap, officer's. 
21 rubber coats. 

90 yards blouse flannel. 
70 yards blue doeskin. 
In hands of field and staff, noncommis- 
sioned staff, and companies : 
9 drums. 
3 bugles. 

357 caps, enlisted men. 
374 blouses, enlisted men. 
671 pairs white trousers. 
389 pairs Leggings. 
35 pairs blue trousers, officers'. 

49 blouses, officers'. 
26 caps, officers'. 

2 signal flags. 
98 bedsteads. 

98 mattress ticks. 
98 pillows. 
127 blankets. 
20 mosquito nets. 

Commissary department. 

155 dinner plates. 

20 half-circle plates. 
26 ice-cream plates. 
72 soup plates. 

53 pie plates. 
13 water glasses. 

21 water pitchers. 

1 sirup jug. 

15 sugar bowls. 
11 butter dishes. 

2 decanters. 



78 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Ordnance department — Continued. 
on hand — continued. 



Commissary department — Continued. 

1 fruit stand. 

1 cruet stand and cruets. 

6 lantern globes. 

5 coffee boilers. 

8 large boilers. 

1 steam boiler. 
3 scales. 

2 call bells. 

1 cooking range. 

7 stew pots. 
16 coffee pots. 

3 skimmers. 

2 strainers. 
12 fry pans. 

9 pans. 
12 tables. 

I ice-cream freezer. 

II molds. 

1 potato machine. 

2 ice boxes. 
2 meat safes. 

2 coal shovels. 
1 chopping block. 
24 gallon iron tubs. 

6 gallon iron buckets. 
1 coffee mill. 



Commissary department — Continued. 

1 meat cleaver. 
1 meat saw. 

1 clock. 
74 chairs. 

2 coal-oil lamps. 
8 soup ladles. 

8 soup tureens. 

13 dozen soup spoons. 

11 salt stands. 

6 mustard pots. 

8 pepper tins. 

15 dozen knives and forks, common. 

1 dozen knives and forks, silver plated. 

1 bread knife. 

1 butter knife. 

1 bread box. 

1 large tray. 
52 teaspoons. 
59 teacups. 

2 egg-cups. 
200 tin cups. 

2 pickle jars. 

3 tablecloths. 

2 dozen napkins. 
1 oil painting. 



Respectfully submitted. 



J. H. Fisher, 
Colonel First Regiment, National Guard of Hawaii. 



7. 



Inventory of Government property under the control of the police department of the Republic 
of Hawaii, September 1, 1898. 



ISLAND OF OAHU. 

Honolulu police station and Oabu jail: 

Rifles 

Revolvers 

Cartridge belts 

Cartridges 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Safes 

Office furniture, chairs, stationery, etc 

Typewriters 

Law books ." 

Cooking utensils, stoves, etc 

Tin plates, cups, pails, etc 

Tools, sewing machines, etc 

Horses, wagons, harness, saddles, and bridles 

Prison clothes, blankets, bedding, etc 

Polioe boat, oars, etc 

Bicycles and lamps 

Uniforms and uniform supplies 



Total 



Number. 



100 
30 
80 
2,000 
80 
60 
40 
7 



Value. 



$1, 000. 00 
360. 00 

80.00 

20.00 
160. 00 
120. 00 

80.00 
1, 000. 00 
500. 00 
150. 00 
100. 00 
500. 00 
300. 00 
250. 00 
630. 00 
500. 00 

50.00 
100. 00 
200. 00 

6, 100. 00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 79 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the police department, etc. — Cont'd. 



Number. 



Value. 



island of oahu — continued. 



District of Koolaupoko : 

Rifles 

Cartridge belts 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc . . 



Total. 



District of Koolauloa : 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Law books 

Handcuffs 



Total. 



District of Waialua : 

Rifles 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. .. 



Total. 



District of Waianae : 

Rifles 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. . . 



Total. 



District of Ewa: 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. . . 



Total. 



Citizens' guard: 

Rifles 

Revolvers 

Cartridge belts 

Ammunition (rounds). 



400 

28 

450 

25, 000 



Total 

Total for island of Oahu . 



ISLAND OF MAUI. 



District of "Wailuku : 

Rifles , 

Cartridge belts 

Ammunition, rounds 

Belts and clubs 

Handcuffs 

Police badges 



Office furniture, stationery, etc 

Typewriter '. 

Lawbooks 

Prison utensils, tools, etc 

Prison clothes, blankets, etc 



Total. 



10 
10 
500 
12 
10 
14 
3 



$20. 00 
2.00 
6.00 
8.00 
5.00 
10.00 
20.00 
5.00 



76.00 



6.00 
8.00. 
10.00 
10.00 
5.00 



39.00 



20.00 

8.00 

8.00 

5.00 

10.00 

20.00 

10.00 



81.00 



20.00 
8.00 
6.00 
10.00 
20.00 
20.00 
10.00 



94.00 



10.00 
8.00 
5.00 
20.00 
20.00 
10.00 



73.00 



4, 000. 00 
336. 00 
450. 00 
375. 00 



5, 161. 00 



11, 624. 00 



100. 00 

10.00 

5.00 

24.00 

25.00 

28.00 

200. 00 

200. 00 

50.00 

50.00 

100. 00 

100. 00 

892. 00 



80 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the police department, etc. — Cont'd. 



Number. 



island of maui— continued. 
District of Makawao : 

Belts and clubs 

Badges 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc 



Total. 



District of Hana : 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Safe 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Lawbooks 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. . . 



Total , 



District of Lahaina : 

Rifles 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Safe 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc 



Total 



District of Molokai : 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 
Prison utensils, blankets, etc. . . 



Total , 



Citizens' guard: 

Rifles 

Ammunition, rounds. 



Total 

Total for island of Maui . 



ISLAND OF KAUAI. 

District of Lihue : 

Rifles 

Re vol vers 

Ammunition, rounds 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Safes 

Office furniture, stationery, etc 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, clothes, etc 



Total 



District of Koloa : 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. 



Total 



District of Waimea : 

Rifles 

Revolver 

Belts and clubs . 
Police badges... 
Handcuffs 



50 
1,000 



4 
3 

1,000 
7 
8 
18 
2 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 81 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the police department, etc.— Cont'd. 





Number 


Value. 


island OF kauai— continued, 

District of "Waimea— -Coutinued. 
Safe 


1 


$50. 00 


Office furniture, stationery, etc 








Prison supplies 












Total 




„ 








District of Kawaihau: 

Belts and clubs 


3 6.00 

4 8.00 
6 | 12. 00 








Total 




| 26. 00 






District of Hanalei: 

Belts and clubs 


3 
4 

8 


6.00 

8.00 

16.00 

10.00 


Police badges 










Total 




40.00 






Citizens' guard: 

Rifles 


40 
800 


400. 00 
12.00 


Ammunition (rounds) 








412. 00 






Total for the Island of Kauai 




1, 243. 00 






ISLAND OF HAWAII. 

Sheriffs office at Hilo jail: 
Rifles 


5 
5 
5 

500 
15 
18 

8 
2 

1 


50.00 
60.00 
5.00 
7.50 
30.00 
36.00 
20.00 

300. 00 
60.00 

100. 00 
50.00 
50.00 

200. 00 
50.00 

100. 00 


Revolvers 


Cartridge belts 


Cartridges 


Belts and clubs 




Handcuffs 


Safes 


Typewriter 


Office furniture, chairs, stationery, etc 


Lawbooks 




Tin plates, cups, pails, etc 




Prison clothes, blankets, bedding, etc . . 








Cooking iitensils, stoves, etc 








Total 




1, 118. 50 






District of North Hilo: 

Belts and clubs 


3 

4 
2 


6.00 

8.00 

5.00 

10.00 

10.00 




Handcuffs 


Office furniture, stationery, etc 


Prison utensils, blankets, etc 








Total 




39.00 






District of Hamakua: 

Belts and clubs 


5 
6 
2 


10.00 
12.03 
5.00 
10.00 
10.00 
50.00 






Office furniture, stationery, etc 


Law books 




Prison utensils, blankets, etc 








Total 




97.00 






District of North Kohala : 

Belts and clubs 


5 
6 
2 


10.00 
12.00 
5.00 
10.00 
10.00 
20.00 


Police badges 


Handcuffs 


Office furniture, stationery, etc... 


Law books 




Prison utensils, blankets, etc 








Total 




67.00 






HAW 6* 


' 





82 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Inventory of Government property under the control of the police department, etc. — Cont'd. 



Number. 



Value. 



island of HAWAn— continued. 



District of South Kohala : 

Belts and clubs , 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Law books, stationery, etc . . . 
Prison utensils, blankets, etc 



Total. 



District of North Kona: 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Revolver 

Handcuifs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Lawbooks 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. . . 



Total 



District of South Kona : 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Revolver 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 
Law books 



Total 



District of Kau : 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Office furniture, stationery, etc. 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. .. 



Total 



District of Puna: 

Belts and clubs 

Police badges 

Handcuffs 

Law books 

Prison utensils, blankets, etc. 



Total 



Citizens' guard: 

Rifles 

Revolvers 

Belts 

Ammunition, rounds 



80 
1 

54 
1,600 



Total 

Total for Island of Hawaii 



RECAPITULATION. 

Island of Oahu $11,624.00 

Island of Maui 1,994.50 

Island of .Kauai 1,243.00 

Island of Hawaii 2,489.50 

Total 17,351,00 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



83 



8. 

Recapitulation, from official reports, of the valuation of imports into Hawaii, the duties 
collected thereon, and the duties which xvould have been collected under the Dinghy 
tariff law. 

CALENDAR TEAR 1897. 



Value of 
imports. 



Duties col- 
lected by- 
laws of 
Hawaii. 



Duties col- 
lectible under 

United 
States laws. 



Great Britain 

Germany 

China 

Japan 

Australia and New Zealand 

Canada 

Isles of Paciflo 

France 

All other countries 

Free by the Civil Code of Hawaii. 

Great Britain 

Germany 

China 

Japan 

Australia and New Zealand 

Canada 

Isles of Pacific 

France 

All other countries 

Total 



$790, 486. 55 

144, 835. 26 

259, 501. 26 

252, 408. 50 

18, 829. 56 

14, 466. 36 

496. 24 

14,855.10 

51, 888. 47 



68, 072. 38 

33, 767. 75 

646. 67 

20,045.87 

102, 400. 19 

33, 975. 32 

5, 451. 95 

11,650.31 

97, 046. 93 



$114, 956. 27 

84, 734. 76 

122, 801. 87 

176, 989. 47 

2, 235. 36 

5, 173. 53 

49.60 

3, 978. 35 

37, 564. 33 



$230, 428. 87 

94, 178. 80 

157,812.43 

146, 175. 21 

7, 336. 42 

4, 940. 63 

389. 03 

6,515.09 

199, 411. 17 



4, 875. 34 

2, 243. 34 

101. 82 

1, 405. 51 

36, 763. 50 

4, 558. 30 

10.75 

4, 960. 47 

540. 25 



1, 920, 824. 67 



548, 483. 54 



902, 706. 93 



FIRST SIX MONTHS 1898. 



Great Britain 

Germany 

China 

Japan 

Australia and New Zealand 

Canada 

Isles of Pacific 

France 

All other countries 

Free by Civil Code of Hawaii. 

Great Britain 

Germany 

China 

Japan 

Australia and New Zealand 

Canada 

Isles of Pacific 

France 

All other countries 

Total 



$589, 817. 37 

109, 796. 73 

101, 996. 64 

112, 646. 06 

10, 090. 47 

7, 007. 69 

148. 05 

8, 739. 88 

36, 739. 34 



91, 736. 14 

18, 254. 95 

179. 50 

16, 465. 53 
29, 252. 49 

17, 362. 50 
6, 884. 00 

11, 978. 29 
57.50 



1,169,153.13 



$75, 061. 67 

43, 924. 88 

57, 298. 48 

20, 678. 72 

1,561.58 

2, 172. 53 

14.80 

4, 110. 71 

35, 215. 51 



240, 038. 88 



$202, 907. 93 

57, 563. 07 

73, 527. 67 

44, 500. 61 

4, 492. 08 

2, 414. 02 

123.20 

5, 140. 14 

249, 573. 68 



5, 398. 34 
5, 110. 72 



2, 775. 30 
9, 305. 25 
2, 883. 01 



3, 840. 75 
81.20 



669, 636. 97 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CABLES AND TELEGRAPHS. 

The committee on cables and telegraphs have investigated the subject 
of telegraphic cable communication between Hawaii and the Continent, 
and between the islands, and respectfully submit the following report: 

Jno. T. Morgan, is^ 
W. F. Freak. 

REPORT. 

No calculation that is approximately accurate can now be safely 
made of the income of a postal-telegraph line to the Hawaiian Islands 
from the continent or between the islands. 

It can be safely assumed, however, that the necessity for such a cable 
line is indispensable and that its cost will bear only a slight relation 
to the commercial and military advantages that must result from its 
construction. 

In many other instances the income of our postal system has been 
quite below the cost of the transmission of the mails between certain 
distant commercial or strategic points, and such deficit has been sup- 
plied from the general Treasury, with the cheerful approbation of the 
country. 

If the demand for a postal telegraph line to Hawaii is sufficient, on 
the general grounds of national policy, the question of the duty to 
take national control of the line can not be met by the suggestion 
that this is a new departure in furnishing the vehicles, or conduits, tor 
the transmission of postal matter. It is not, in fact, a new tbing for 
the United States to construct lines of telegraph, or conduits, for the 
purposes of the Army, or the Weather and Life Saving Service, or for 
the distribution of mails in large cities. 

But the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands has created a new situa- 
tion, which requires new provisions for the quick dispatch of intelli- 
gence such as is ordinarily sent by the mails. 

There is, indeed, no feature of the postal service that is more necessary, 
in peace or war, for the benefit of commerce, navigation, markets, and 
exchanges, or in conveying personal intelligence between the people, 
or in giving them protection against the ravages of infectious diseases, 
than a cable between the Pacific States and the Hawaiian Islands under 
the impartial and exclusive control of the Government of the United 
States. 

In the outset of the new policy that we must inaugurate to meet the 
remarkable events of the year 1898 it is a fortunate situation that 
places these islands and others under the exclusive legislative control 
of Congress. 

Congress can rightfully and successfully adjust the public institu- 
tions of a State in its formative period so as to prepare it for the high- 
est usefulness to the Union when it shall acquire the sovereign rights 
and dignity of statehood. x 

84 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 85 

Without attempting to state the many instances in which Congress 
should employ these powers, it is very clear that in matters relating to 
interstate and foreign commerce, to navigation, bays, harbors, wharves, 
and docks, and to postal facilities and post roads and lines of tele- 
graphic communication, the power is clear and the duty is manifest. 

An indispensable factor in all commercial, military, and diplomatic 
relations with countries that are beyond the seas is the telegraph 
cables that convey information with immediate dispatch. 

This fact is too obvious and is too vital to the safety of every 
maritime country to admit of discussion. 

It may be safely stated that at no point in the world is there greater 
need for a central cable station than at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, nor is 
there any point in either of the great oceans where the control of lines 
of telegraphic cables will give greater influence to the power that 
directs the use of them, either in commerce or war. 

A central cable station in Hawaii will ultimately form a plexus of 
telegraphic lines in which the cables will meet from all ports of the 
great circuit of our coasts, and from the Asiatic coasts as far south as 
Hongkong; and from Hawaii lines will radiate through the islands of 
the South Pacific to the Philippines, to Australia, and the coast 
of South America. 

In these advantages the Hawaiian group has no competitor, and they 
could scarcely have been more advantageously placed as a point for 
the concentration of lines of telegraph cables. Through a long period 
of years these benefits will necessarily increase, and will furnish to the 
people facilities of cheap correspondence that no lines of steamers can 
afford. 

In dispensing with the slow and costly methods of mail transmission 
for business correspondence, the rates will be reduced and the speed 
increased until it will attract the universal patronage of business men. 

A single line of cable from the coast to Hawaii, exclusively author- 
ized to convey messages as postal matter, would soon become a "trunk 
line," and would gather business from Asia and the islands of the South 
Pacific in such volume as to pay the interest on the cost and all expend- 
itures for repairs and operation. It could have no competitor in busi- 
ness and could afford this facility to business at a rate of tolls that 
would be a great economy. 

The five larger islands of the Hawaiian group are separated by 
three channels that aggregate about 118 miles in width. To maintain 
a rapid communication across these channels, which are rough water, 
not less than six vessels would need to be constantly employed, with 
a reserve of two or three vessels to meet emergencies. The crews for 
these vessels, and the fuel, to be supplied from the coast, would justify 
a heavy expenditure for mail service which could not probably be 
reduced by competition. 

The conformation of these islands is such that a plateau connects 
all of them, on which a cable can be laid in water of shallow depths 
as compared with those of the adjacent seas. 

The trend of the islands from Kaui Island on the northwest to the 
southern part of Hawaii virtually presents a frontage of about 350 miles 
to the Pacific Ocean on each side of the group, along the whole length 
of which the cable stations on the islands would be so many outlooks 
upon the sea. 

If this cable system is extended to Samoa, and to the Carolines and 
Manila, the security it would afford our coasts against sudden attack 
and the ravages of approaching storms and the visitations of epidemic 
diseases is a matter that is worthy of serious consideration. 



86 ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

The experience of European countries in the use of electric telegraphs 
as vehicles of the postal service demonstrates their importance and the 
wise economy of their use both to the people and the Governments that 
employ them. 

With the distinctive power conferred upon Congress in the Consti- 
tution to establish post-offices and post-roads, and the exclusive power 
to provide for and regulate all mail communications, tbere can be no 
question of the power of Congress to select the best and most econom- 
ical means for this work, or that the conveyance of mails may be 
extended into any part of the world, or that Congress may use a cable 
line under the seas as well as a post-road on the land. 

This is the propitious time for the initiation of this service in the 
Pacific Ocean, and Hawaii is the central point in the great arc of the 
circle that describes the coast of North America. 

At this central point all cable lines through the Pacific Ocean to 
points north of the equator must unite. Under the present state of the 
art in the construction and operation of transoceanic cable lines, this 

Niihau. Ocauail — ^^ gj 



Q 



DIAGRAM AND ROUTES OF MR. PRITCHETT, CHIEF OF THE UNITED STATES COAST 

SURVEY. 

group of islands is the only place where a line can be successfully oper- 
ated in the North Pacific Ocean. This fact, while it remains unchanged, 
gives to a cable connecting Hawaii with the continent an immense vol- 
ume of work, which must yield a great revenue, if no other cable is 
constructed. 

The annexed rough draft of the relative location of the islands (not 
including ISTeckar Island), prepared by a gentleman of much ability, 
shows the distances between them and the depth of water on the con- 
necting plateaus, with an estimate of the cost of the cable to connect 
them. 

The eagerness of private investors to lay cables to Hawaii and to 
connect the islands, under contracts with the Government for supplying 
cable service for official messages, is a convincing proof that under 
such conditions they would be valuable property. 

Aside from the fact that in a few years the Government business 
would refund the cost of the cables, if paid for at ordinary rates, it is of 
supreme importance that the Government should have the absolute 
military control of the line that does its work. 

To be able to control the working of the cable only through the 
enforcement of legal penalties for crimes incident to this responsible 
branch of the public service would be a^ serious defect that might result 
in much trouble and a dangerous exposure to treachery. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



87 



If private investors desire to establish other lines, under proper 
regulations, there is no objection to their enjoyment of that privilege, 
but that will never be done in competition with a Government line, in 
the absence of a subsidy from the Government. 

The subcommittee recommend to the commission that a separate bill 
be recommended providing for the construction of a telegraphic cable 
between Hawaii and the coast of California by the United States, and 
cables to connect the Hawaiian Islands with each other, all to be owned 
and controlled exclusively by the Government of the United States. 

Width of channels between principal islands of the Hawaiian group from extreme point 

to extreme point. 





Distance. 


Greatest 
depth. 




Naut. miles. 

61 

23 

8 

26 


Feet. 
9,600 




2,160 




668 




6,000 






Total *. 


118 









To include Lanai would require about 10 miles more of cable. The cost of the 
entire cable would be something under $100,000. The Hawaiian Government has 
estimates of the cost. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON THE PUBLIC DEBT. 

Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman of the Hawaiian Commission : 
I have the honor to present the accompanying statement on the public 
debt of Hawaii by Mr. Samuel M. Damon, the minister of finance, 
which I adopt as the report of the committee on the public debt. 

Sanford B. Dole. 
Honolulu, September 2, 1898. 



Hon. S. B. Dole, of the Hawaiian Commission. 

Sir : In response to the request for information on the public debt 
and matters relative thereto of the government of Hawaii on the 12th 
of August of the present year, I have the honor to make the following 
report : 

The financial obligations of this government on that date I find to 
be as follows, not taking into consideration, however, the current 
monthly expenditures, salary lists, and pay rolls that are settled by 
warrants of the auditor-general on the treasury, drawn during the 
month, and all of which have been paid as presented. 

The obligations of the government are comprised under the heads of 
"Bonded debt" and "Postal savings bank." 

» 

Detailed statement of bonded debt, August 12, 1898. 

ACT OF AUGUST 5, 1892. 
[Redeemable after 1887. Payable in 25 years.] 

Stock A, 6 per cent bonds $14, 000 

Stock E, 6 per cent bonds 8, 000 

Stock 0,6 per cent bonds 2,200 

Stock U, 6 per cent bonds 10, 000 

$34, 200 

ACT OF OCTOBER 15, 1886. 

[Redeemable in and after 1897. Payable in 20 years.] 

Loan in London $980,000 

Stock A, 6 per cent bonds 373, 000 

Stock E, 6 per cent bonds 124, 000 

Stock O, 6 percent bonds 18,000 

Stock U, 6 per cent bonds 505,000 

2, 000, 000 

ACT OF AUGUST 15, 1888. 

[Redeemable after 1893. Payable in 20 years.] 

Stock A, 6 per cent bonds .~ $140,000 

Stock U, 6 per cent bonds 50,000 

190, 000 

88 % 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 89 

ACT OF AUGUST 6, 1890. 
[Redeemable after 1S95. Payable in JO years.] 

Stock A, 5 per cent bonds $18, 000 

Stock E, 5 per cent bonds 9, 000 

Stock O, 5 per cent bonds 2, 100 

$29, 100 

ACT OP OCTOBER 24, 1890. 

[Redeemable after 1895. Payable in 10 years.] 

Stock A, 6 per cent bonds 95, 000 

ACT OP SEPTEMBER 7, 1892. 

[Redeemable after 1897. Pay-able in 20 years.] 

Stock A, 6 per cent bonds $26,000 

Stock E, 6 per cent bonds 31, 500 

Stock O, 6 per cent bonds 11, 700 

Stock A, 5 per cent bonds 8, 000 

Stock E, 5 per cent bonds 33, 500 

Stock O, 5 per cent bonds 8, 700 

Stock A, 4J per cent bonds 1, 000 

Stock E, 4£per cent bonds 7,000 

Stock O, 4|per cent bonds 2,000 

129, 400 

ACT OP JANUARY 11 AND PEBRUART 18, 1893. 

[Redeemable in 1898. Payable in 20 years.] 

Stock A, 6 per cent bonds 650,000 

ACT OF JUNE 30, 1896. 

[Redeemable in 1901. Payable in 20 years.] 

»tock A, 5 per cent bonds $352, 000 

Stock E, 5 per cent bonds 9, 000 

Stock O, 5 per cent bonds 1, 000 

Stock U, 5 per cent bonds 200,000 

562, 000 

3, 689, 700 

The proceeds of sales of bonds have been with a few exceptions of a 
minor nature confined to expenditures on public buildings, harbor 
improvements, new roads and bridges, and the encouragement of 
immigration. 

HAWAIIAN POSTAL SAVINGS BANK. 

This institution was established, by act of the legislature in 1884, to 
encourage the deposit of small savings at interest, with the security of 
the Government for repayment thereof, and was opened for business 
July 1, 1886, with His Majesty Kalakaua as the first depositor. 

On the 12th day of August, 1898, the amount due to 10,555 deposi- 
tors, classified by nationalities as follows: 

Americans 602 

British 526 

Germans 329 

Hawaiians 1, 291 

Portuguese .' 495 

Sundry nationalities 221 

Chinese under the board of immigration 7, 091 

Total 10,555 

Amounted to $836,297.34 

And to 68 special depositors for sums exceeding $500, the sum of 77, 750 

A total of 914,047.34 



90 ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

These deposits bear interest at 4£ per cent per annum, and interest 
is credited to the several accounts on the 31st day of December of each 
year, and is a charge on the current revenues of the Government. 

The present cash reserve to meet the demands is $112,409.23, of 
which $105,000 is on special deposit at the treasury. 

The surplus over the requirement of the cash minimum reserve of 
),000 has been used by the Government for public works and 
permanent improvements. 

During the twelve years of its existence every call by depositors has 
been promptly met, and the general confidence and usefulness to the 
community has been shown in its use by all nationalities. 

The foregoing shows the gross public debt on August 12, 1898, to be 
$4,603,747.34. On the same date there was cash in treasury to the 
credit of the following accounts, certified to by the register of — 

Public accounts . $546,739.04 

Cash on hand, in the Hawaiian Treasury on August 12, 1898. 

Current account, balance $284, 014. 51 

Loan fund account, balance 38, 370. 17 

Total 322,384.68 

Special deposits. 

Laud sales '. $66,026.23 

Road tax 53,270.83 

School tax 54. SO 

Hawaiian Postal Savings Bank 105, 000. 00 

Total 224,354.36 

I hereby certify that the above is a true and correct statement as of 
above date. 

W. G. Ashley, 
Registrar of Public Accounts. 

I would add, in relation to the Postal Savings Bank, that deposits 
up to $500 only are credited with interest. 

Any deposit of three months' standing may, at the option of the 
depositor, be withdrawn and exchanged for a five-twenty government 
bond, with interest at 4.J per cent. 

Besides these provisions the bank may, at its discretion, issue what 
are called "term certificates," for not over three months for any amount 
up to $5,000, and not to exceed in all $150,000 at any one time, at 4£ 
per cent. 

Deposits amounting to over $100 may be withdrawn at ninety days' 
notice; under $100 without notice. 

I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant, 

S. M. Damon, 

Minister of Finance. 



EEPOET OF COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. 

THE HAWAIIAN CURRENCY. 

The gold coins of the United States are the only unlimited legal 
tender. (Civil Laws, sec. 6G5.) 

Hawaiian silver coins are legal tender for amounts not exceeding 
$10. United States dimes and half dimes are also legal tender in lim- 
ited amounts. (Civil Laws, sees. 666 and 667.) 

COINAGE. 

During the years 1884, 1885, and 18S6 the following Hawaiian coins 
were put in circulation, having theretofore been coined at the United 
States mint in San Francisco (Biennial Report Minister of Finance, 
1890, p. 7) : 

Dollars.... 500,000 

Halves 350,000 

Quarters 125,000 

Dimes 25,000 

This is the only Hawaiian coinage ever executed. 

PAPER CURRENCY. 

By Session Laws 1895, act 19 (Civi] Laws, sees. 672-675), the minis- 
ter of finance was authorized to issue gold and silver certificates of 
deposit, upon setting aside sufficient of the respective coins for the 
payment of such certificates. The act also provided for the retirement 
of all outstanding certificates of deposit. 

Under this authority certificates of deposit have been issued to the 
amount of $272,500, for the redemption of which silver coin is now held 
in the treasury. These certificates have been issued in the following 
denominations: 

5 dollars $12,500 

10 dollars 35,000 

20 dollars , 50,000 

50 dollars 75,000 

100 dollars 100,000 

There remains outstanding of old issues of silver certificates made 
under former laws a total amount of $39,500. No record remains in 
the office of the finance department showing the denominations of 
these certificates, but silver coins are on deposit in the treasury for 
their redemption. 

Although authorized by the act above cited, no gold certificates have 
been issued. The Hawaiian currency consists therefore of silver coins 
amounting to $1,000,000, of which $312,000 is in circulation in the form 
of silver certificates. 

Hawaiian currency in the treasury at this date (August 23, 1898), 
exclusive of silver held for redemption of certificates, is approximately 
$101,500. 

91 



92 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

By the statutes authorizing coinage of silver (Session Laws 1880, 
chap. 37, and Session Laws 1892, chap. 8), all coins were required to be 
made of the same weight and fineness as the United States coins of the 
same value. 

S. M. Oullom. 



Hon. Sanfoed B. Dole, 

Of the Hawaiian Commission. 
Sir: In the year 1883, by act of the Legislature of the Hawaiian 
Government, the sum of $1,000,000 was authorized to be issued in 
Hawaiian silver currency. This amount was coined by the United 
States mint of the same weight and fineness as the corresponding 
amount in United States silver currency. The denominations were: 

1-dollar pieces $500,000 

50-cent pieces 350,000 

25-cent pieces 125,000 

Dimes 25,000 

Total 1,000,000 

Of this amount the dime has practically gone out of circulation. Of 
the entire amount a fair estimate would be that $50,000 (including the 
dimes) have gone out of circulation and disappeared. There remains, 
therefore, the sum of $950,000, approximately, in Hawaiian silver cur- 
rency that are legal tender under the present laws and institutions of 
this country to the amount of $10 in any one payment. This currency, 
however, is only of value to the remaining portions of the United States 
as its pure silver bears to the piece, based on the current value of silver 
for the day. 

While your honorable body is considering the subject of the obliga- 
tions of this Government, I desire to call your attention to the subject 
of its withdrawal from circulation and substitution by a coin that 
would be legal tender in all parts of the United States. 

Owing to the nature of the population of this country silver will 
always be used here to a greater or less extent, and I desire to press 
upon your attention the necessity of considering this important subject 
while the Hawaiian Commission is in session. 

I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, 

S. M. Damon, 

Minister of Finance. 



EEPOET OF COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES. 

Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, September 7, 1898. 
Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman of the Hawaiian Commission. 

Sir: Your committee on fisheries respectfully submit tlie following 
report : 

Each of these islands may be roughly described as consisting of one 
or more central lofty mountains with sides sloping rapidly toward the 
sea. There are naturally few lakes or ponds, and these are of incon- 
siderable size. The streams, while numerous, are of small volume, 
short and of rapid fall. Much of the coast line is skirted with a coral 
reef, between which and the shore there is a space of shallow water. 
From the reef, and where there is no reef from the shore, the water 
deepens rapidly. 

As might be expected, there are few fish in the streams and lakes, 
and these are of little value. They belong, as at common law, to the 
owners of the soil under the streams and lakes. 

There was formerly little animal food upon the land, and conse- 
quently the natives, who lived mostly along the coast, looked to the 
sea as their chief source of animal food. It followed that their sea fish- 
eries were regarded as among their most valuable properties. These 
were closely connected with the ownership of land ; indeed, they were 
regarded as appurtenances to the adjoining or neighboring lands, and 
the laws or customs governing them can be explained only by refer- 
ence to the system of land tenures formerly existing, which was of a 
feudal nature. 

Without going into too great detail, the land may be said to have 
been divided up into large tracts and small tracts. The large tracts 
commonly included a strip of land extending from the summit or well 
up on the slopes of the central mountain of an island to the sea. 
These were called ahupuaas and were owned by chiefs or lords, called 
konohikis. Within these were the smaller tracts, called kuleanas, 
occupied by the common people, who were regarded as tenants of the 
owners of the larger tracts. There were also other tracts, generally 
intermediate in size, called ilis, some of which were independent, like 
the larger tracts, and others of which were subordinate, like the smaller 
tracts. The King was lord over all. 

As lord paramount the King could take and redistribute the fishing 
rights as well as the lands of his subjects. This he did in 1839, taking 
all fishing grounds and giving one portion of them to the common peo- 
ple, one portion to the landlords, and reserving one portion for himself, 
at the same time prescribing certain restrictions and regulations under 
which the rights thus conferred were to be exercised. This was done 
by statute, the provisions of which, as amended from time to time, are 
still in force. In 1816 and the following few years the change was made 
from the feudal system to that of several ownership, and titles were 
awarded by commissioners to quiet land titles to those who proved 

93 



94 ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

ownership or right of occupancy under the preexisting system. In a 
few cases titles to fisheries were awarded, or afterwards patented or 
allowed by commissioners of boundaries, by metes and bounds, but in 
most cases, where the award or patent referred to fisheries at all, it con- 
ferred merely a right of fishery as an appurtenance to the land without 
specifying the extent of the fishery, and left it to be determined either 
by the general provisions of the statute or the testimony of witnesses. 
In the majority of cases, however, no reference was made to fisheries, 
and the right rested solely on the statute. In 1848 the great division 
of lands was made by which the King gave to the Government a large 
number of royal lands, and upon the downfall of the monarchy the 
crown lands also became Government lands. 

In shoal waters along the shores there are many fish ponds, made 
artificially by the construction of stone walls of semicircular form with 
the shore line as a diameter, and with small openings through the wall 
for the flow of the tide. These are found on Government lands as well 
as private lands. 

Now, bearing in mind the foregoing facts, the sea fisheries of these 
islands, except as expressly awarded or patented, are governed as 
follows by statute : 

All fishing grounds appertaining to government lands or otherwise 
belonging to the government, excepting fish ponds, are free for all 
persons. The minister of the interior may, however, for the protection 
of the fishing grounds, forbid the taking of fish at certain seasons. 
There has thus far been no occasion for the exercise of this power by 
the minister. The fish ponds owned by the government are leased to 
private persons. Their future disposition is an appropriate subject for 
consideration by the committee on public lands. Upon the sale of 
any government land the fisheries appertaining thereto remain free. 
No person residing without the islands may take fish within the waters 
of the islands for the purpose of sale without the islands. The fishing 
grounds from the shore to the reef, and where there is no reef for a dis- 
tance of one mile, belong to the konohikis, for the use of themselves and 
their tenants. Each konohiki may set apart one variety of fish for 
himself, or, on consultation with his tenants, may prohibit all fishing 
during certain seasons, and during the fishing season receive from his 
tenants one-third of all fish taken. The tenants may take fish either 
for themselves or for sale or exportation. No person shall use giant 
powder or other explosive substance in taking fish. No person shall 
take the young of the mullet and awa under four inches in length, 
except for the purpose of stocking ponds. 

It will thus be seen that fisheries are governed here by principles 
recognized by the common law. There are common fisheries, commons 
of fishery, and several fisheries; but owing to the peculiar conditions 
that have existed here the two latter classes of fisheries exist here to 
a much larger extent than in other English-speaking countries. Rights 
of fishery here are, as at common law, subject to rights of navigation. 
They are subject also to statutory regulation. 

Until recently the fishing industry has been engaged in chiefly by 
Hawaiians, but of late the Chinese and Japanese have entered largely 
into it. They fish both on the free fishing grounds and on private 
grounds, including fish ponds, which they lease from the owners. No 
fishing on a large scale has yet been undertaken, but a fishing company 
of whites has recently been formed, which is to work with a sailing 
vessel about 70 feet in length, with auxiliary steam power. Fishing in 
shallow water near shore is conducted mostly with nets; that in deep 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 95 

water with hook and line. There are shoals or banks offshore, espe- 
cially in the channels between Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Kahoolawe, and 
Lanai, which are said to be good fishing grounds. 

Fish are not found in such quantities in Hawaiian waters as in some 
other waters, and yet the number of species is perhaps unusually large, 
amounting to several hundred, of which about 100 may be found in 
the markets. These are of great variety of size, shape, and color, 
and include many species of excellent food qualities. The sales at the 
Honolulu fish market amount to from 40,000 to 80,000 fish of varying 
sizes per week. These are all inspected by an officer of the board of 
health. 

Hawaiian waters afford rare opportunities for the study of fish and 
other marine life. While some scientific investigation has been made 
in this direction, it has been very limited, owing to lack of facilities. 
The establishment here of a station under the United States Commis- 
sioner of Fish and Fisheries would no doubt prove to be of great bene- 
fit to both the people of these islands and those of the mainland. In 
this connection it may not be out of place to add that there is some 
prospect for the establishment here of a marine aquarium and biologi- 
cal laboratory by the trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 
and that the Hawaiian legislature at its last session authorized the 
minister of the interior to reserve a portion of the reef on. the south- 
eastly side of the channel of Honolulu harbor for a marine park, and to 
enter into an agreement with the said trustees for the establishment of 
such aquarium and laboratory within said park. 
Very respectfully, 

W. F. Freatc, 
Jno. T. Morgan. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS. 

The Committee on Public Lands, to whom was referred the subject 
for investigation, beg leave to report as follows : 

Prior to the year 1H46, all the lauds of the Hawaiian Islands belonged, 
in legal contemplation, to the King, and the chiefs and people, as ten- 
ants, by a system closely resembling the feudal system of England, 
held their respective parcels by payment of rent or rendering of serv- 
ice. In that year King Kamehameha III granted to his chiefs and 
people certain portions of the land, to Government purposes certain 
other portions, and reserved to himself the remainder. By an act 
passed June 7, 1848, the Legislature accepted this grant, and confirmed 
to the King, his heirs and successors, certain described lands which 
were thenceforth known as crown lands. In the act organizing the 
executive departments, provision was made for the appointment of a 
land commission to receive and pass upon the claims of occupants of 
lands to their respective holdings in the portion of lands set apart for 
the chiefs and people. This commission heard the testimony of claim- 
ants, caused surveys to be made, and issued to the occupants entitled 
thereto certificates called "land commission awards." These awards 
established the right of the grantee to the possession of the land and 
entitled him, upon payment of one-fourth of the value of the bare land, 
to receive a royal patent for his holding. These awards, and the patents 
issued pursuant thereto, are the source of title to all the lands not pub- 
lic lands, or reserved as crown lands. 

The lands thus confirmed to the chiefs and known according to their 
extent as ahupuaas or ilis, amounted to 1,571,341 acres, and the lands 
confirmed to the common people, and known as kuleanas, aggregated 
28,658 acres. (Hawaiian Annual, 1898, p. 34.) 

The crown lands reserved to the King under the act of 1848 were in 
1865 (act January 3, 1865) placed in the hands of a body known as the 
commission of crown lands. This body was empowered to lease the 
crown lauds for periods not exceeding thirty years, but not to alienate 
the same. The net rentals belonged to the monarch as a personal 
perquisite. 

The Government lands were authorized to be sold by the minister of 
the interior, with the consent of the executive council (Civil Laws, sec. 
169-171). 

By an act passed July 9, 1850, one-twentieth of all public lands was 
set apart for the support of schools. Provision was made for the selec- 
tion by, and patenting to, the board of education of the lands thus set 
apart, and the board of education was empowered to sell and lease 
lands thus received (Civil Laws, sec. 157). Part of the lands thus set 
apart are used as sites for school buildings, part is leased, and part has 
been sold. (See Table No. I.) 

In 1884 an act was passed for the setting aside of homesteads to land- 
less applicants on liberal terms, but it seems to have been very little 
used, only 557 holdings having been taken up under it, of which 256 
96 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 97 

have been patented. Under this method a party was prohibited from 
acquiring more than 2 acres of taro or wet land and more than 20 acres 
of dry land. The fee for such settlement was $10. 

In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani divided a part of her crown-land hold- 
ings in Hawaii into small tracts and provided for the leasing of them 
to homestead occupants upon easy terms. 

The foregoing roughly outlines the enactments regarding the dis- 
position of the lands up to the year 1895, when the legislature met 
under the Eepublic. The legislature of that year passed what it 
designated as the "land act, 1895," which provided a comprehensive 
system for the care and disposition of the public domain. 

By this act the "crown lands" are treated as having vested in the 
Eepublic upon the abolition of the monarchy, and are now embraced 
as public lands. The public lands are placed under the control of a 
board of three commissioners, one of whom is the minister of the 
interior. The other two are appointed by the President, with the 
approval of the cabinet, and one of them is designated as agent of 
public lands. The act divides the islands into six land districts and 
provides for each district a subagent of public lands and ranges. It 
divides the public lands into — 

I. Agricultural lands.— First class: Land suitable for the cultivation 
of fruit, coffee, sugar, or other perennial crops, with or without irriga- 
tion. Second class: Land suitable for the cultivation of annual crops 
only. Third class: Wet lands, such as kalo and rice lands. 

II. Pastoral land.— First class: Land not in the description of agri- 
cultural land, but capable of carrying live stock the year through. 
Second class: Land capable of carrying live stock only part of the 
year, or otherwise inferior to first-class pastoral land. 

III. Pastoral agricultural land. — Land adapted in part for pasturage 
and in part for cultivation. 

IV. Forest land.— -Land producing forest trees, but unsuitable for 
cultivation. 

Y. Waste land. — Land not included in the other classes. 
The commissioners are authorized to dispose of lands in the follow- 
ing modes: 

1. At public auction, for cash, in parcels of not over 1,000 acres. The 
consent of the executive council is required to this disposal. 

2. At public auction, upon part credit, in parcels not exceeding 600 
acres. Like consent is required. 

3. Without auction sale, in exchange for private lands, or by way of 
compromise. 

4. By lease, at public auction, for not more than twenty-one years. 

5. Homestead leases. 

6. Kight-of-purchase leases. 

7. Cash freeholds. 

GENERAL QUALIFICATION OF APPLICANTS. 

Applicants for land, under the modes named above, must be over 18 
years of age; must be citizens by birth or naturalization, or have 
received letters of denization or special rights of citizenship; be under 
no civil disability for any offense, nor delinquent in the payment of 
taxes. Special qualifications are named under the respective systems, 
as follows: 

haw 7* 



98 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

HOMESTEAD-LEASE SYSTEM. 

The homestead-lease system permits the acquirement of public land 
by qualified persons without other payments than a fee of $2 upon 
application and a fee of $5 upon issuance of homestead lease. 

The limit of area in the different classes of land which may be 
acquired under homestead lease is : Eight acres first-class agricultural 
land ; 16 acres second-class agricultural land ; 1 acre wet (rice or taro) 
land; 30 acres first-class pastoral land; 60 acres second-class pas- 
toral land ; 45 acres pastoral agricultural land. 

SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS OF APPLICANTS FOR HOMESTEAD LEASE. 

Any person having the general qualifications (as to citizenship, etc.) 
who is not the owner in his own right of any land in the Hawaiian 
Islands, other than "wet land" (rice, taro, etc.), and who is not an appli- 
cant for other land under the act, may apply under this part of the act, 
and such application may cover one lot of wet land in addition to other 
land, if reasonably near. Husband and wife may not both be applicants. 

Applications must be made in person at the office of subagent of the 
district, accompanied by sworn declaration of qualifications and a fee 
of $2. 

CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPATION. 

The successful applicant receives a certificate of occupation which 
entitles him to occupy the described premises and to receive a home- 
stead lease for nine hundred and ninety-nine years, if conditions of 
certificate of occupation have been fulfilled, the conditions being: 
That the occupier shall, before the end of two years, build a dwelling 
house and reside on the premises. He shall maintain his home on the 
premises from and after the end of two years from date of certificate. 
He shall before the end of six years from date of certificate have in 
cultivation not less than 10 per cent of the land, or have in cultivation 
5 per cent of the land and in good growing condition not less than ten 
timber, shade, or fruit trees per acre on agricultural land; or, if pastoral 
land, fence the same within six years. He shall pay the taxes assessed 
upon the premises within sixty days after the same are delinquent. He 
shall perform any conditions of the certificates for the planting or pro- 
tection of trees, or prevention or destruction of vegetable pests that 
may be on the premises. 

CONDITIONS OF HOMESTEAD LEASE. 

The lessee or his successors must maintain his home on the leased 
premises, must pay the taxes assessed upon the premises within sixty 
days after the same are delinquent, and perform any conditions of the 
lease relating to protection or planting of trees or destruction and pre- 
vention of vegetable pests. 

Lands held under a certificate of occupation or homestead lease are 
liable to taxation as estates in fee. 

In case of the death of an occupier or lessee, his interests, notwith- 
standing any devise or bequest, shall vest in his relations in the order 
prescribed in the act, the widow or widower being first in order, then 
the children, etc. 

Certificates of occupation or homestead lease, or any interest there- 
under, is not assignable by way of mortgage, nor is the same subject to 
attachment, levy, or sale on any process issuing from the courts of the 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 99 

country. Neither the whole nor any portion of the premises may be 
sublet. 

Surrender may be made to the government by an occupier or lessee 
having the whole interest if all conditions to date of surrender have 
been fulfilled, and the person so surrendering is entitled to receive from 
the government the value of permanent improvement whenever the 
same is received by the government from a new tenant. 

RIGHT OF PURCHASE LEASES. 

Eight of purchase leases, for the term of twenty-one years, may be 
issued to qualified applicants, with the privilege to the lessee of pur- 
chasing at the end of three years and upon fulfillment of special 
conditions. 

QUALIFICATIONS OF APPLICANTS. 

Any person who is over 18 years of age, who is a citizen by birth or 
naturalization of the Eepublic of Hawaii, or who has received letters of 
denization of special rights of citizenship, who is under no civil disa- 
bility for any offense, who is not delinquent in the payment of taxes, 
and who does not own any agricultural or pastoral land in the Hawaiian 
Islands, may apply for right of purchase lease, the limit of areas which 
may be acquired being 100 acres first-class agricultural laud; 200 
acres second-class agricultural land; 2 acres wet (rice or taro) land; 
600 acres first-class pastoral land; 1,200 acres second-class pastoral 
land; 400 acres mixed agricultural and pastoral land. 

Any qualified person, owning less than the respective amounts stated 
in foregoing list, and which is not subject to residence condition, may 
acquire additional land of the classes already held by him, but so that 
his aggregate holding shall not be in excess of the limit named; or if 
desiring additional land of another class, may acquire the same accord- 
ing to ratio established between the various classes. 

Husband and wife may not both be applicants for right-of-purchase 
leases. 

Application must be made in person at the office of subagent of the 
district, and must be accompanied by a fee equal to six months' rent of 
premises, fee to be credited on account of rent if application is suc- 
cessful, and to be returned if application is unsuccessful. In case of 
more than one application for same lot, the first application takes 
precedence. 

CONDITIONS OF RIGHT-OF-PURCHASE LEASE. 

Term, twenty-one years. Eental, 8 per cent on the appraised value 
given in lease, payable semiannually. 

The lessee must from the end of the first to the end of the fifth year 
continuously maintain his home on the leased premises. 

The lessee must have in cultivation at the end of three years 5 per 
cent and at the end of five years 10 per cent of his holding, and main- 
tain on agricultural land an average of ten trees to the acre. 

Pastoral land must be fenced. 

Interest in right-of-purchase lease is not assignable without written 
consent of the commissioners of public lands, but the lease may be sur- 
rendered to the government. 

In case of forfeiture or surrender of right-of-purchase lease, reap- 
praisement is made of the land and of permanent improvements 



100 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

thereon, and if the laud is again disposed of, the incoming tenant shall 
pay for such permanent improvements, and the amount when so 
received by the government shall be paid to the surrendering lessee. 

CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH PURCHASE MAY BE MADE. 

At any time after third year of leasehold term the lessee is entitled 
to a land patent giving fee-simple title, upon his payment of the 
appraised value set forth in lease, if he has reduced to cultivation 25 
per cent of his leased premises, and has substantially performed all 
other conditions of his lease. 

CASH FREEHOLDS. 

Cash freehold lots are sold at auction to the highest qualified bidder, 
at appraised value as upset price. 

The qualification of applicants for cash freeholds and the areas of 
land which may be acquired are the same as those under right of 
purchase-lease system. 

APPLICATIONS. 

Applications must be made to subagent of district in writing, with 
sworn declaration as to qualifications, and a fee of 10 per cent of 
appraised value of lot, which fee is forfeited if applicant declines to take 
the premises at the appraised value, and is credited to him if he becomes 
the purchaser of the lot. If such applicant, however, is outbid, his fee 
is returned to him. 

If two or more applications are made and there is no bid above the 
upset price, the first application takes precedence. 

The purchaser at auction sale must pay immediately thereafter one- 
fourth of purchase price and thereupon receive a freehold agreement. 

CONDITIONS OP FREEHOLD AGREEMENT. 

The freeholder shall pay the balance of purchase price in equal 
installments in one, two, and three years, with interest at 6 per cent, 
but may pay any installment before it is due and stop corresponding 
interest. 

Twenty-five per cent of agricultural land must be cultivated, and 
pastoral land fenced, before the end of third year. 

Freeholder must maintain his home on the premises from end of first 
to end of third year. 

He may not assign or sublet without consent of agent of public 
lands. 

He must allow agents of the government to enter and examine the 
premises. 

He must pay all taxes that may be due upon the premises. 

If all conditions are fulfilled he is entitled at end of three years to 
patent giving fee simple title. 

In case of forfeiture or surrender the land and permanent improve- 
ments are reappraised separately, and the value of such improvements 
when received by government from new tenant or freeholder will be 
paid to surrendering freeholder. 

SETTLEMENT ASSOCIATIONS. 

Six or more qualified persons may form a " settlement association " 
and apply for holdings in one block. 
The provisions for cash freehold apply to the settlement of such 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 101 

blocks, but first auction sale is confined to members of such settlement 
association. 

Any lot in such block which may be forfeited or surrendered, or 
which is not taken up by any member of the settlement association 
within three months, shall be open to any qualified applicants. 

Disputes, disagreements, or misunderstandings between the parties 
to certificate of occupation, homestead lease, right-of-purchase lease, 
or cash freehold and relating thereto, which can not be amicably settled, 
shall be submitted to the circuit judge iu whose jurisdiction the prem- 
ises are situated, and his decision shall be final subject only to appeal 
to supreme court. 

CASH SALES BY SPECIAL AGREEMENTS. 

With consent of executive council, public lands not under lease may 
be sold in parcels of not over 1,000 acres at public auction for cash, 
and upon such sale and payment of full consideration a land patent 
will issue. 

Parcels of land of not over 600 acres may, with consent of executive 
council, be sold at public auction upon part credit and part cash, and 
upon such terms and conditions of improvement, residence, etc., as 
may be imposed. 

Upon fulfillment of all conditions a land patent will issue. 

GENERAL LEASES. 

General leases of public lands may be made for a term not exceeding 
twenty-one years. 

Such leases are sold at public auction, and require rent in advance 
quarterly, semiannually, or annually. 

The conditions of general leases are made at discretion of the com- 
missioners, and may be made for any class of public lands. 

The homestead-lease method was intended to provide the native with 
a home for himself and family, and the conditions which appear rather 
harsh were intended in reality to protect himself and his successors in 
the enjoyment of the same. The careless, happy-go-lucky way of the 
aborigines, and the ease and small consideration with which they could 
be separated from their property, rendered some provision of this kind 
necessary. That it has not been taken advantage of reflects more on 
the native character than the wisdom of the lawmakers. The compara- 
tive unpopularity of the homestead lease is shown in the following table : 

Schedule of lands taken up under the general systems of the " land act, 1895," to August 12, 
as furnished by Mr. J. F. Broivn, agent of public lands. 

Value. 



Number. 


Acres. 


324 


16, 114 


19 


716 


96 


6,197 


67 


936 



Eight of purchase leases 324 16,114 $105,192 

Cash freeholds 19 716 3,948 

Special agreements | 96 6,197 44,653 

Homestead leases 



PROCEEDS OF THE SALES OF LANDS. 

By section 202, Civil Laws (reenacting earlier provisions), all pro- 
ceeds of sales of public lands are pledged as a special fund for the 
payment of bonded indebtedness. 



102 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



THE CROWN LANDS. 

In 1894 the crown lands formerly belonging to the monarch were 
taken over by the government. They amounted on May 1, 1894, to 
971,463 acres, valued at $2,314,250, distributed among the islands as 
follows : 



Acres. 



Value. 



Hawaii 

Maui 

Molokai ... 

Lanai 

Oahu 

Kauai 

Total 



642, 852 
69, 121 
20, 892 
17, 369 
66, 593 

154, 636 



971, 463 



$992, 300 

180, 500 

25, 000 

17, 000 

518, 450 

581, 000 



2, 314, 250 



This land is nearly all occupied by tenants under long leases, and for 
the year ending March 31, 1894, the rentals received were $49,268.75. 
Many leases of large tracts are said to have been let at inadequate 
rentals by special favor. The leases existing when the lands were 
taken over by the Eepublic have been recognized and the rentals treated 
as government income. As leases expire the lands become available 
for settlement, sale, and lease, under the public-land system. (See 
Table No. 2 for a list of expiration of these crown leases.) 

Public lands, exclusive of building lots in Honolulu and Hilo and of 
esplanade and city front in Honolulu, as of date September 30, 1897, 
aggregate 1,762,330 acres and an estimated value of $4,147,700. 

The details of this summary are as follows: 



Island. 


Coffee. 


Cane. 


Rice. 


Grazing. 


Forest, etc. 


Estimated 
value. 




Acres. 

62, 890 

8,180 

800 

4,400 


Acres. 

18, 156 

520 

2,050 

4,900 


Acres. 
140 
110 
327 
400 


A cres. 
308, 849 
112,570 
71,414 
80, 050 
40, 625 
77, 6G9 


Acres. 

749, 302 

58, 550 

13, 778 

86, 650 


$1, 874, 900 
453, 800 






983 500 




648, 000 




77, 500 












70, 000 
40, 000 


Laysan, etc., islands (guano is- 


























76, 270 


25, 626 


977 


751, 177 


908, 280 


4, 147, 700 



Building lots, Honolulu $521, 800 

Building lots, town Hilo 160,000 

Esplanade and city front: 

Leased lots (including esplanade storage); rent, $27,000 per annum 450,000 

Old lots unleased , including fish market, custom-house site, etc 250, 000 

Old lots (reclaimed land) 100,000 



1,481,800 
Total estimated value of coffee, cane, rice, grazing, forest and other lands 4, 147, 700 

Total value 5,629,500 



The total area of the Government lauds may be roughly classified as 
follows : 

Acres. 

Valuable building lots ._. 145 

Caue lands .: 25, 626 

Rice lands '. 977 

Coffee lands „ 76,270 

Homesteads, Government interest in 20, 000 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



103 



Acres. 

Grazing lands of various quality 451, 200 

Forest lands (high) 1 681,282 

Rugged, inaccessible mountain tracts 227, 000 

Barren lands, nominal value 300, 000 

Total 1,782,500 

Note. — Since the date of September 30, to which the foregoing summary applies, 
and up to the date of August 12, 1898, patent grants conveying fee simple titles 
have been issued for 9,8G0 acres, in round numbers valued at $48,500 — almost wholly 
of agricultural land on the island of Hawaii. The totals of the above summary 
would therefore stand corrected as follows : 

Acres. 

Total area 1,772,640 

Total value $5,581,000 

Increase in values, however, has been such that the above might be considered a 
conservative estimate. 

CROWN LANDS. 

The printed report of the agent of Crown lands for 1894 gives a full 
statement of those lands as of that date. After the passage of the 
land act of 1895 those lands came under the control of the commis- 
sioners of public'lands, and are included in the foregoing summary. 

Since the date of the "land act of 1895," from such "Crown lands" 
patents giving fee simple titles have been granted for an area in round 
numbers of 9,960 acres, at a valuatiou of $36,400. 

The above classification of Government lands is necessarily some- 
what arbitrary, and the statement in my report of 1894 to the surveyor- 
general applies also at this date, " that the lack of positive knowledge 
of quality and adaptability of the soil in untried sections, and the 
imperceptible gradation by which the best lands merge into indifferent, 
and indifferent into that of nominal value, makes a report of this nature 
to a considerable extent a matter of personal opinion rather than of 
scientific certainty." 

I would further state that under the head of grazing lands and high 
forest land is included a large area which in the future may be devoted 
to a class of temperate climate products, grain, fruits, etc., which area 
is now practically undeveloped. 

The estimate of values of Government lands has been made inde- 
pendently of the leases and rents received from same. In the case of 
recent leases these rents are fairly representative of the value of the 
land, but in many of the older leases are much below the present 
standard of value. 

Further data as to receipts, revenue from rents, etc., will be found in 
the report of the commissioners of pubUc lands referred to. 

J. T. Brown, 
Agent of Public Lands. 

AuausT 29, 1898. 

Table No. II. — Showing the yearly expiration, in acres, of leased government and 

crown lands. 

GOVERNMENT LAND. 



Tear. 


Hawaii. 


Maui. 


Molokai, 
Lanai, and 
Kahoolawe. 


Oahu. 


Kauai. 


Total. 


1898 


Acres. 
759 
207 


Acres. 

156 
3,900 
5,834 
37, 190 


Acres. 


Acres. 
]0 


Acres. 


Acres. 
925 


1890 






4,107 
5,839 


1900 .. 




5 
32 




1901 


39, 845 






77, 067 



104 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Tabltc No. II. 



-Showing the yearly expiration, in acres, of leased government and 
crown lands — Continued. 



GOVERNMENT LAND— 


Continued. 








Year. 


Hawaii. 


Maui. 


Molokai, 
Lanai, and 
Kahoolawe. 


Oaliu. 


Kauai. 


Total. 


1 902 


A cres. 

831 

13, 616 

8,567 
3,208 
220, 703 
18, 604 
3,290 


Acres. 
2,201 


Acres. 


Acres. 


Acres. 


Acres. 
3, 032 






50 
97 




13, G66 


1904 








8,664 


1005 


4,549 






7,757 


1906... 




18 

30 
35 




220, 721 


1907 . 




15, 406 
8,996 


2,405 


36, 445 


1908 


1,250 


13, 571 


1909 


i.ilii 


1,151 


1910 








5,544 
742 
160 


5,544 
742 


1911 










1912 


4,345 
1,360 






2,000 
13, 400 


6,505 


1913 


2,100 
1, 500 
7,515 


30, 000 


46, 860 


1915 




1, 500 


1917 


45 

3,835 

12, 800 

489 








7,560 

3,835 

15, 240 

489 


1918 








1919 


1,525 




915 




1920... 


















Total 


332, 504 


67, 720 


54, 402 


7,638 


18, 950 


481,220 







Note. — On Hawaii 233,127 acres now under lease can be canceled at option of the Government, as 
also 10,150 acres on Maui; 4,956 acres on Molokai, for which no expiration is given, is now under lease. 
No leases expired in 1914 and 1916. 

CROWN LAND. 



Year. 


Hawaii. 


Maui. 


Molokai 
and Lanai. 


Oahu. 


Kauai. 


Total. 


1900 


Acres. 


Acres. 
370 


Acres. 


Acres. 

1 

15, 505 

6,843 

55 

4,008 


Acres. 


Acres. 
371 


1901 


3 

9, 420 
7, 343 






15, 508 


1902 








16, 263 


1903 








7, 398 


1904 . 


600 




17,284 
6,354 


21,982 


1906 






6, 354 


1907 


172, 730 
102, 015 


11, 040 
9,477 






183, 820 


1908 








111,492 


1909 




6,154 

540 

20, 322 

2,542 


4,045 


10, 199 


1911 


18 

5, 038 

02, 200 

15, 210 


17, 066 
3,200 
3,316 


23 


17, 647 
28. 560 


1912 




1913 






68, 058 


1914 






15, 210 


1916 




17, 369 






17, 369 


1917 








117,917 
7, 237 


117,917 


1918 


135, 000 
744 




20, 183 


26 


162, 446 


1919 




744 


1920 






6,970 




6,870 


1921 


57, 236 






2,800 


60, 036 












Total 


567, 007 


45, 069 


37, 575 


62, 966 


155, 637 


868, 254 







Note.— No leases expire in 1898, 1899, 1905, 1910, or 1915. 

The committee is of the opinion that it is not wise to make any 
specific recommendation touching- the policy hereafter to be pursued 
with reference to the laws which shall govern the disposition of the 
lands of the Territory of Hawaii until further investigations shall be 
made, and therefore recommends tb at the laws relating to lands, agri- 
culture, and forestry shall continue in force until the Secretary of 
Agriculture shall have opportunity to make a more thorough investi- 
gation of the conditions of such lands in the Territory, to examine the 
laws now there in force relating to lands, forestry, aaid agriculture, 
including also public roads, and report the result of such investigation 
to Congress for its guidance. 

S.M. Cullom. 

Jno. T. Morgan. 

Sanfoed B. Dole. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON LOCAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES. 

Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman of the Hawaiian Commission: 
The committee on local executive offices respectfully submits the 
accompanying report. 

S. B. Dole, 
W. F. Frear, 
Committee on Local Executive Offices. 
Honolulu, September 12, 1898. 



The local officers authorized by law in the Republic of Hawaii were 
the following: 



Officer. 


Appointed by — 


Confirmed by — 


Tenure of office. 


Salary 

per 
annum. 


Executive council. 








$12,000 
6,000 


Cabinet: 


President 

...do 




Indefinite 

do 




.. do 


6,000 




...do 


. do . 


do 


6,000 




...do 


.. do 


do. 


6,000 


Department of foreign affairs. 














President 


Indefinite 

do.. 


2,400 


Clerk . 


Secretary 

do 


1,200 


Do 


do. 


do 


1,000 








do 


1,500 


Department of the interior. 














President 


Indefinite 

do -... 


2,700 




do 


2,400 




do 




do 


1,800 




do 




do — . 


1,500 




do... 




do 


1,200 


copyist. 


do 




do- — . 


600 




do 




do. 


900 


copying patents. 


.... do .. 




do 


600 




do 




do 


600 


Commission of public lands. 




President- 


Indefinite 

do - 


3,000 


Secretary and subagent fifth 

land district. 
Clerk.-.. 


Land agent 

do 


2,100 


do 


do 


1,200 




do 


...do.... 


do 


600 




do... 


. do 


do 


1,500 




do.. 


do - 


...do 


600 




do 


. do . 


„.do 


600 




- do. . 


do. 


..do 


480 




...do . 


. do 


...do 


600 




do 


..do 


...do. 


360 


Ranger, first district 


do.... 


. do 


do - 


600 


Ranger, second district 


do 


...do 


do 


360 




do 




do 


360 



105 



106 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Officer. 


Appointed by — 


Confirmed by — 


Tenure of office. 


Salary 

per 
annum. 


Commission of public lands — 
Continued. 


Land agent 

do 




Indefinite 

do 


$360 




do. 


360 




do 


do 


do 


360 


Bureau of survey. 


Minister. 

Survey or-gen- 

eral. 
do 


President _ 


Indefinite 

do 


3,000 




2,700 




.... do 


do 


2,400 




do. _ 


do 


do 


2,100 






do 


do 


1,350 




do 


do.... 


do 


1,050 


Aid 


do 


...do 


do... 


600 




do 


do 


do 


480 


Begistry of conveyances. 






do... 


2,700 


Deputy registrar and copyist . 


Registrar 

..do 


1,500 


. .. do .. 


.... do... 


900 


Do.. 


do 


do 


do 


800 


Do 


...do 


do 


do. 


600 


Do 


do 


.. do 


do.. 


600 


Do.... 


...do 


...do.... 


do.... 


480 


Bureau of immigration. 






Indefinite 

do.... 


2,400 




do 




1,500 


Bureau of waterworks. 




President 


Indefinite 

.... do 


2,700 


waterworks and clerk of 
market. 
Clerk 


Superintendent . 
. do 


1,800 




do. 


do 


600 




do... 


...do 


do. 


1,320 




do . 


.... do... 


do. 


1,320 




.. do 


do 


do 


1,042 




.. . do. 


...do.... 


do 


600 




do 


...do --. 


do 


360 




do 


...do 


do 


300 




.. do 


do 


do... 


900 


works. 

Superintendent Laupahoekoe 
waterworks. 

Superintendent Koloa water- 
works. 


do 


do 


do. 


20 


do 


.... do 


....do 


25 


....do.. 


do. 


do.. 


3,000 


Bureau of public works. 




President 


Indefinite 

do 


3,000 




Superintendent . 


2,400 




do.. - 


do 


1,800 




.... do 


....do 


do 


1,500 


superintendent. 
Clerk 


do 


do 


do 


900 




do... 


do 


do 


3,000 




. do... 


...do 


do.... 


2,400 


Roads and bridges, Honolulu, 
pay roll. 


do 


...do 


do 


13,332 


do 


do - 


do 


6,600 




. do... 


do.. 


do 


1,800 




.... do... 


do.- 


do 


960 


Do 


do.. 


do 


do 


780 




. do 


...do - 


do 


' 780 




. .do 


do. 


do.. 


720 




.. do 


do - 


do- 


720 


Do 


do 


do.- 


do 


720 




...do... 


do- 


do .— 


4,460 


Keeper of wharf and buoys, 
Lahaina. 


do... 


do 


do 


120 


.. .do.. 


do 


do 


25 


Board of health. 

Secretary 

Government physicians 

General expenses, pay roll 






Indefinite 

do 


2,000 






18,000 




- 


.....do 


9,430 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



107 



Officer. 


Appointed by — 


Confirmed by — 


Tenure of office. 


Salary 

per 
annum. 


Board of health — Continued. 
Nonleprous children, pay roll. 






Indefinite 

do 


$1,200 
5,400 












do 


600 


Maintenance of hospitals, pay 
roll. 






do 


6,500 






do 


1,575 


Segregation of lepers, pay roll- 
Superintendent insane asylum 






,. do 


19,200 






do 


1,800 






do 


11,832 








.... do 


2,100 


Forests and nurseries bureau. 




President 


Indefinite 

do 


2,100 




Commissioner . . . 
do 


2,000 




do 


do 


1,020 




do... 


do 


. do.. 


1,020 




do 


do.. 


do 


2,700 




do 


do. 


do.. 


540 




do.. 


do.... 


...do 


2,400 




do 


do 


...do 


750 


Public grounds bureau. 

Payroll. Government hull ding 
Pay roll, Makiki and River 

parks. 
Pay roll, Thomas and Emma 

squares. 
Keeper mausoleum and 

grounds. 






Indefinite.. 

do 


2,472 


do.. 




1,020 


do 




do 


1,020 


do.. 




do 


390 


do 




do 


1,200 


and judiciary building. 

Fire departments. 

Honolulu fire department, pay 
roll. 






Indefinite 

do 


29,520 






540 


neer, Hilo fire department. 
Department of finance. 










Registrar of public accounts. . 




President 


Indefinite 

do.. 


2,700 


Registrar 

do 


1,800 




do 


do 


600 


Tax bureau. 




President.. 

do 


Indefinite 

do 


2,700 




do 


2,500 




do... 


do 


.... do... 


2,300 




do 


do 


do 


2,000 


Deputy tax assessors and col- 
lectors, salaries and com- 
missions. 

Postal bureau. 

Postmaster-general 

Deputy postmaster-general 
and secretary. 

Superintendent postal sav- 
ings bank. 

Superintendent money-order 
division. 


Tax assessors 

Minister 

Postmaster-gen - 

eral. 
do.. 




do 


3,000 


President- 


Indefinite 

do 


3,000 

2,000 


do 


. . do 


2,000 


do 


.... do 


do. 

do 

do 

__ do 


2,000 


do 


do 


1,800 




do 


.. do .. 


1,500 
1,200 
1,200 




...do 


...do... 




do. 






do 




1,200 




do... 


...do... 


..do 


1,200 


Do _ 


do.. 


do 


do 


900 




do... 


...do... 


. do 


900 




do... 


.. do... 


.. do 


840 




.... do.. 


.. do... 


.. do 


840 




.... do .. 


.. do.. 


.. do 


840 


Clerk 


do... 


.. do 


...do. 


600 


Do 


do. . 


.. do... 


.do 


600 


Do 


do 


. do... 


...do. 


600 


Do 


do... 


...do... 


do 


600 


Ladies' window clerk 


do 


do 


do 


540 



108 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Officer. 



Appointed by — 



Confirmed by- 



Tenure of office. 



Postal bureau — Continued. 
Clerk... 



Do. 
Do. 



Assistant clerk, postal sav- 
ings bank 

Clerk, postal savings bank... 
Janitor 



Postmaster-gen- 
eral. 

do 

do.. 

do 



Minister . 



.do. 
_do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



-do. 
.do. 



Bureau of customs. 



Collector-general 

Deputy collector, Honolulu . . 

Entry clerks (3) 

Statistical clerks (3) 

Port surveyor, Honolulu 

Storekeeper 

Appraiser 

Assistant appraiser 

Customs ganger and tester . . . 

Examiners (2) 

Appraiser's storekeeper 

Chinese and Japanese invoice 

inspectors 

Pilots, Honolulu (3), each 

Assistants, customs ware- 
houses _ 

Customs inspectors, Honolulu- 
Customs guards, Honolulu 

Pilot's watchman, Diamond 

Head _.. 

Pilot's watchman, :pilot's of- 
fice 

Pilots' boats, pay roll 

Assistant guards, all ports 

Collector, Kahului 

Port surveyor, Kahului 

Customs guards and inspec- 
tors, Maui. 

Collector, Hilo 

Port surveyor, Hilo 

Customs guards and inspec- 
tors, Hawaii 

Collector, Mahukona and 

Honoipu 

Collector, "Waimea and Koloa. 

Collector, Kailua and Keala- 

kekua 



Minister 

Collector-general 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



_do. 
.do. 

.do. 
_do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
_do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

_do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 



President. 
Minister . . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
_do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

_do. 
.do. 
.do. 

-do. 

.do. 

.do. 



Indefinite. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



-do. 
.do. 



Indefinite . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 



..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 



-do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 



Department of the attorney-general. 













Deputy attorney-general. 


Attorn ey-gen- 

eral. 
do.- 




Indefinite 

do 


|3,000 
1,800 






,--- do.- 




- .do... 


1,800 




do 


President 

A 1 1 o r n e y-gen- 

eral. 
.... do. 


do 


3,000 






do 


1,800 




.. . do- 


do - 


2,100 




do 


do 


do 


1,800 




do-. 


do 


do 


2,500 




...do- 


.... do 


do 


2, 750 




do. 


.. do 


do 


2,000 




. _do- 


.... do 


do... 


900 




do 


do 


do 


900 




do 


do 


do 


400 




... do 


.... do 


do.. 


1,800 


Deputy sheriff, North Kohala. 
Deputy sheriff, South Kohala. 
Deputy sheriff, Hamakua 


do 


.. do 


do... 


1,200 


do... 


do 


do 


600 


....do 


do 


do.. -._. 


1,200 


do.. 


.. do... 


do 


720 


Deputy sheriff, North Kona 
Deputv sheriff, South Kona 


do._ 


do. 


do.. 


1,200 


do 


do 


do 


900 


do 


do 


do.. 


1,020 




do 


do 


do 


720 




...do 


.. do_. 


do. 


27,500 
1,500 




do.... 


do 


do 




.. do... 




... do. 


1,200 




do 


do. 


do 


960 


Deputy sheriff, Hana 


do 


do 


do 


960 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



109 



Officer. 



Appointed by- 



Confirmed by — 



Tenure of office. 



Salary 
per 

annum. 



Deputy sheriff, Molokai 



Police, Maui 

Deputy sheriff, Kauai 

Deputy sheriff, Kawaihau 

Deputy sheriff, Hanalei 

Deputy sheriff, Koloa 

Deputy sheriff, Waimea 

Police, Kauai. . 

Deputy sheriff, Koolaupoko.. 

Deputy sheriff , Koolauloa 

Deputy sheriff, Waialua 

Deputy sheriff, Waianae 

Depu ty sheriff, Ewa 

Police, Oahu 

Clerks, receiving station (2) . . . 

Supreme court officer 

Hack inspector 

Physicians' receiving station 

and prison. 
Jailors, guards, and lunas of 

prisoners. 
Keeper kerosene warehouse.. 

Keeper powder magazine 

Stenographer to department.. 

Audit department. 



Auditor-general 

Deputy auditor-general... 
Clerks (eighteen months) . 



Department of public instruc- 
tion. 

Inspector-general of schools . . 



Deputy inspector and school 

agent, Honolulu. 
Traveling normal instructor.. 

Secretary of department 

Assistant secretary and school 

agent, Honolulu. 
Messenger and book clerk . 

Public schools pay roll 

School agents. 

Superintendent industrial 

School. 
Matron of industrial school. . . 
Giiards industrial school 



Marshal 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



do 

do 

Attorney- gen- 
eral. 



President 

do 

Auditor-general. 



Minister and 
commission e r 
of public in- 
struction. 

do 



Attorney -ge n - 
eral. 

do 

do 

do 

do.. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do. 

do 

do 

do 

do... 

do 

do 

do 



.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 



Senate .. 
Cabinet . 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

-do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do 
.do. 



Indefinite.. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
-do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
-do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
-do. 
.do. 
_do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
_do. 

.do. 
.do. 
_do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 



15,000 

1,500 

780 

780 

780 

1,200 

9,000 

600 

600 

600 

600 

900 

67,500 

1,440 

1,080 

1,200 

1,200 

27,500 



600 
1,500 



3,600 
2,400 
5,500 



3,000 



450 

3,000 
1,800 
1,500 

900 

225,000 
2, 250 
1,200 

900 

900 



In addition to the foregoing salaried officers are the following boards 
and commissions, the members of which serve without pay: 

Board of immigration. — Comprising the minister of the interior, 
ex officio, chairman, and 5 commissioners appointed by the President, 
with the approval of the cabinet ; term of office, indefinite. 

Board of health. — Comprising the attorney-general, ex officio, and 
6. members, 3 of whom are laymen and 3 physicians, appointed by the 
President, with the approval of the cabinet; term of office, two years. 

Commissioners of public instruction. — Comprising the minister of 
foreign affairs, ex officio, minister of public instruction, and 6 commis- 
sioners, appointed by the President, with the approval of the cabinet; 
term of office, three years. 

Board of prison inspectors. — Comprising 3 inspectors, appointed by 
the minister of the interior, with the approval of the cabinet; term of 
office, two years. 

Board of equalization. — Comprising the minister of finance and the 
several assessors. 



110 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Board of inspectors of elections. — Comprising 3 inspectors of election 
for each precinct, appointed by the minister of the interior; term of 
office, indefinite. 

Board of registration. — Comprising 3 members in 5 districts, ap- 
pointed by the President, with the approval of the senate. 

Council of state. — Comprising 15 members, 5 elected by senate, 5 
elected by house of representatives, and 5 appointed by President 
with approval of cabinet. Members of executive council sit and take 
part in meetings, but can not vote. 

Labor commission. — Comprising 3 members, appointed by the Presi- 
dent; term of office, indefinite. 

Road board. — Comprising 3 members in each district, appointed by 
the minister of the interior; term of office, indefinite. 

Pound masters. — Consisting of 1 in each district, appointed by the 
minister of interior ; term of office, indefinite ; a system of fees charged. 

Commissioners of public lands. — Composed of a board of 3 commis- 
sioners, including the minister of the interior and 2 persons appointed 
by the President, with the approval of the cabinet, 1 of whom is desig- 
nated agent of public lauds; term of office, indefinite. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS. 

Honolulu, H. I. , September 12 1808. 
Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman of the Hawaiian Commission. 
Sir: Your committee on claims respectfully submit the following 
report : 

1. Claims for damages have been presented against the Republic of 
Hawaii, on behalf of persons arrested and confined for complicity in 
the insurrection of 1895, as follows: 

British subjects: 

Charles Dunwell (paid) £650 

E.B.Thomas 500 

C. W. Ashford 1,400 

F.H. Redward 600 

W. F. Reynolds 700 

Thomas Rawlins _. 400 

G. C. Kenyon 900 

L. J. Levy (since deceased) 900 

M. S. Bailey 200 

F. Harrison 800 

Total 7,050 

Danish subject: Edmund Norrie No sum mentioned. 

Portuguese subject: Manoel dos Reis .No sum mentioned. 

Greek subjects: 

P. G. Camarinos (since deceased) . . No sum mentioned. 

George Lycurgus No sum mentioned. 

American citizen: James Durrell $25, 000 

Mr. A. G. S. Hawes, lately Her Britannic Majesty's commissioner 
and consul-general, expressed the opinion that the claims of the British 
subjects might be compromised for one-half the amounts claimed. The 
government of Hawaii denies the validity of each of the above claims, 
and has refused payment thereof, excepting in the case of Charles 
Dunwell, whose case differed from that of the others in that he was 
confined in order to compel him to testify. This claim has been paid. 
The British Government has now suggested arbitration as to the other 
claims of British subjects, and the correspondence in regard thereto 
has been turned over to Mr. H. M. Sewall, special agent of the United 
States under the State Department, the functions of the Hawaiian 
foreign office in this respect having ceased. 

Another claim growing out of the same insurrection is that of H. A. 
Juen, who claims to be an American citizen. This claim was pre- 
sented to this commission, with a request that it be referred to the 
State Department, after an unsuccessful presentation thereof, made 
previously at the State Department at Washington by the claimant.; 

2. Japanese claims. — The principal claim presented against the 
Hawaiian government, namely, that which grew out of the refusal oij 
the Hawaiian government, in 1897, to allow certain Japanese immi4 
grants to land in Hawaii, on the ground that they did not possess the 
necessary qualifications, was settled, after the approval of the joint- 

111 



112 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

resolution of annexation and before the formal transfer of the sov- 
ereignty of Hawaii to the United States, by the payment of $75,000 by 
the Hawaiian government. This payment was made as a matter of 
policy, in view of special circumstances, and not because the claim 
was conceded to be well founded. 

Another claim made by the Japanese Government arose in conse- 
quence of an act passed by the Hawaiian legislature in 1896, which 
raised the duty on spirituous liquors and still wines, made from mate- 
rials other than grape juice, the rates varying according to the degree 
of alcoholic strength. The practical effect of this was to raise the 
duty on sake, a product of Japan, from 18 cents to $1 per gallon. It 
was claimed that this amounted to a discrimination, in violation of 
the treaty between Hawaii and Japan. The Hawaiian government 
denied that there was any such discrimination. The correspondence 
finally closed with a request from Japan that endeavors be made to 
obtain the repeal of the objectionable act. The act in question was 
amended, to some extent, in 1898, and will become void when the 
United States tariff laws take effect in Hawaii. 

3. Claim by the Hawaiian government. — In April, 1897, the Jap- 
anese steamship Kinai Maru arrived at Honolulu with a large number 
of immigrants, among whom smallpox broke out. Great expense was 
incurred in maintaining quarantine. Nearly all the passengers were 
refused landing for noncompliance with the laws relating to the land- 
ing of aliens and had to be returned. The master could not obtain 
responsible sureties on a bond for the payment of expenses, and 
finally, owing to the peculiar circumstances, a bond in the nature of 
a bottomry bond was taken and the vessel allowed to depart. The 
Hawaiian government claims $6,018 on this bond, which has not yet 
been paid. 

4. There are various claims by and against the Hawaiian govern- 
ment other than those connected with or presented through the foreign 
office. These are ordinary claims, which are or might become the sub- 
jects of ordinary actions of ejectment, assumpsit, etc., and which may 
be prosecuted in the courts under statutes now in force. The 
Hawaiian statute relating to suits against the Government was taken 
substantially from that of the United States relating to the Court of 
Claims. The prosecution of these claims should be allowed to con- 
tinue by or against the government of the Territory of Hawaii. 

5. Claim of the heirs of Ladd & Co. — This is a claim of nearly 
sixty years' standing. It was originally made by W. Hooper, W. 
Ladd, and P. A. Brinsmade, American citizens, doing business under 
the firm name of Ladd & Co. , and is now made by the heirs of those 
men. It is claimed that Ladd & Co. obtained in 1835 a lease of cer- 
tain lands at Koloa, on the island of Kauai, for fifty years, and in 1841 
a lease of nearly all the cultivable unoccupied lands of the islands for 
one hundred years upon certain conditions, the lands to be selected by 
Ladd & Co. ; that these leases were assigned to a Belgian colonization 
company; that the Hawaiian government, desiring to avoid the leases, 
attempted to ruin Ladd & Co. by foreclosing a mortgage and by other 
similar means, the consequence of which, as alleged, was to destroy 
their credit and thus lead the Belgian company to withdraw from its 
contract; that Ladd & Co. brought suits against the Hawaiian gov- 
ernment, but afterwards abandoned them ; that later the claim was 
submitted to arbitration, from which Ladd & Co. afterwards with- 
drew, owing, as alleged, to lack of funds as a result of the action of 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 113 

the Hawaiian government in prolonging the proceedings; that Ladd 
& Co. afterwards presented the claim at the State Department in 
Washington, but finally determined not to press it at that time; that 
they afterwards died, and now their heirs present the claim. The 
Hawaiian government has always denied the validity of this claim. 
The claim is now presented by the heirs to this commission, with a 
request that it be considered and provided for in the report to Wash- 
ington. No action has been taken in regard thereto in connection 
with the foreign office of Hawaii for many years. 
Respectfully submitted. 

W. F. Frear. 

R. R. Hitt. 

HAW 8* 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND QUARANTINE. 

Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, September 9, 1898. 
Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman of the Hawaiian Commission. 

Sir : The committee on health and quarantine respectfully submit 
the following report : 

Health and quarantine matters in the Hawaiian Islands are under 
the general charge of a board of a health. This board consists of 
seven members, namely, three laymen, three physicians, and the 
attorney-general ex officio. The members are appointed by the Pres- 
ident with the approval of the cabinet, and serve without pay. Their 
term of office is two years. They elect their own presiding officers. 
They also appoint their secretary, whose salary is provided by law, 
and their executive officer, agents, and physicians, whose salaries are 
determined by the board and paid out of appropriations made by the 
legislature. They also make regulations for the public health in 
pursuance of law. 

There are no municipal corporations in these islands. The islands 
are divided by statute into districts for judicial, educational, and tax- 
ation purposes. Each of the principal islands has a circuit judge and 
a sheriff, each district in the island a deputy sheriff and district mag- 
istrate. Each sheriff and deputy sheriff is a prosecuting officer; also 
a coroner. The board of health has adopted the judicial districts as 
health districts, and in many of these districts has a physician and 
agent. The sheriffs and deputy sheriffs are required to assist in the 
enforcement of health laws and regulations. The attorney-general, 
who has charge of the police department, is, as already stated, ex 
officio a member of the board of health. 

Thus, it will be seen, all internal health matters in the islands are 
under one board, the health and police departments work together in 
harmony, and expense is saved by having but one set of officers to a 
large extent. Quarantine matters also are under the charge of the 
same board, and thus all conflict, such as has existed to some extent 
between the Federal and State health and quarantine officers in the 
United States, has been avoided. The result has been that health 
and quarantine matters have been conducted with remarkable success 
and satisfaction in these islands. 

The nature, extent, and expense of the work conducted under the 
board of health may be briefly set forth as follows : 

QUARANTINE. 

Rules and regulations have been prepared and published by the 
minister of foreign affairs in pursuance of statute, to be observed by 
vessels at the port of departure from other countries for Hawaii, and 
on the voyage. These are substantially the same as those prepared 
by the United States Marine-Hospital Service 1 and adopted by the 
United States Government, The porte from which there is serious 
114 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



115 



danger of introduction of epidemic diseases into these islands are 
those of China and Japan, and the diseases of this character that may 
be introduced from those ports are chiefly smallpox, cholera, and the 
bubonic plague. The United States has thus far established ante- 
embarkation inspection and quarantine at Yokohama only. Hawaii 
has established these at Yokohama, Kdbe, Nagasaki, and Hongkong. 
At Hongkong the Pacific Mail Steamship Com|3any, at the instance 
of the Hawaiian Government, has erected a modern disinfecting- plant. 
Immigrants embarking for Hawaii at Hongkong are subjected to 
thorough inspection and, when necessary, to quarantine and disin- 
fection. But on the same vessels there embark others for the United 
States in regard to whom such precautions have not been taken, thus 
subjecting those destined for Hawaii to further possible exposure. It 
is obvious that all this work should now come under one control, 
namely, that of the Federal Government; but that Government would 
no doubt find it most economical and expedient to conduct this work 
at Hawaiian ports through the local board. The advantage to the 
United States of these islands as an outpost or way station in health 
matters, nine or ten days by steam from Japan and a much longer 
time from China, and nearly a week from San Francisco, can scarcely 
be overestimated. This advantage would be greatly augmented if 
there were a cable from these islands to the United States. 

At Honolulu the board of health has a commodious quarantine sta- 
tion with a modern disinfecting plant on an island near the harbor. 
Vessels bringing sick j)ersons are required to pay the expense caused 
thereby to the board. So efficient has been the Hawaiian quarantine 
service that bubonic plague has never, cholera but once, and small- 
pox only a few times, got a foothold on these islands. 



LEPROSY. 

This subject occupies a place intermediate between quarantine and 
purely local health matters. There is little danger of its introduc- 
tion from abroad, and yet it is a contagious disease which deeply con- 
cerns the islands as a whole and the United States as well. It is the 
largest subject with which the board of health deals. 

A system of segregation has been enforced since 1865. A tract of 
land 2 or 3 miles across, on the island of Molokai, peculiarly adapted 
for the purpose by reason of its complete isolation, being inclosed on 
one side by a lofty precipice and on the other sides by the ocean, is 
set apart exclusively for the leper settlement. The following table 
shows the number of lepers at the settlement at the end of each year 
of its history, also the number of admissions and deaths or discharges 
for each year: 



Year. 


Admis- 
sions. 


Deaths. 


Discharged 

or unac- 
counted for. 


Number 
on the 
books 

Dec. 31. 


1866 


141 

70 
115 
126 

57 
183 
105 
487 

91 
212 

96 
163 


26 

25 

28 

59 

58 

51 

64 

156 

161 

163 

122 

129 


10 
7 
2 

11 
4 
9 
4 

21 
8 

14 
3 
1 


105 


1867 


143 


1868 : 


228 


1869 - 


284 


1870 


279 


1871 


402 


1872 


439 


1873 


749 


1874 


671 


1875 


706 


1876. 


677 


1877 


710 



116 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Year. 



Admis- 




sions. 




239 


147 


125 


209 


51 


152 


232 


132 


71 


121 


301 


150 


108 


168 


103 


142 


43 


100 


220 


108 


579 


212 


308 


149 


202 


158 


143 


212 


109 


137 


211 


151 


128 


155 


106 


128 


146 


116 


124 


139 



Discharged 

or unac- 
counted for. 



Number 
on the 
books 
Dec. 31. 



1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 



717 

606 

706 

649 

785 

717 

655 

590 

698 

1,035 

1.-187 

1,213 

1,142 

1,095 

1,155 

1,124 

1,087 

1,115 

1,100 



The lepers at the settlement at the end of 1897 were as follows by 
nationality: 

Hawaiians . . 984 

Half-castes - -. 62 

Chinese 32 

Americans . . . 5 

British 4 

Germans 4 

Portuguese . . . 6 

Russians 1 

South Sea Islanders . 2 

Total... 1,100 

There are at the settlement 67 nonleprous children and 98 nonlep- 
rous helpers, as follows: 

Native volunteer helpers 78 

Catholic priests 2 

Protestant pastor and wife 2 

Physician t 1 

Franciscan sisters' 5 

Japanese servants to sisters 2 

Catholic brothers 6 

Japanese servants to superintendent 2 

Total 98 

It will be noticed that the number of lepers at the settlement during 
the last ten years has been larger than previously, and that during 
that period the number has remained fairly constant. This does not 
indicate that leprosy is on the increase, or even that it is holding its 
own. The testimony of the government physicians and agents of the 
board is that it is diminishing. The greater number at the settlement 
during the last ten years is due to stricter enforcement of segregation, 
this being the period since the revolution of 1887 when the reform 
government came into power. Moreover, owing to this stricter 
enforcement, the lepers are gathered in for the most part now at an 
earlier stage of the disease than was formerly the case, and conse- 
quently the death rate at the settlement is lower now than formerly. 

% 



ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 117 

Undoubtedly as time goes on the number of lepers and the expense of 
this branch of the service will diminish until it becomes nil. 

The lepers live principally in two villages, called Kalaupapa and 
Kalawao, situated, respectively, on opposite sides of the tongue of 
land reserved for the settlement. There are 716 buildings at the set- 
tlement, the majority of which are owned by the government. These 
include a court-house, jail, schoolhouses, offices, warehouses, work- 
shops, slaughterhouse, dispensaries, medical bath houses, hospitals, 
dormitories, many cottages, etc. At Kalawao there is a home for boys, 
the gift of private persons, conducted under the board of Roman Cath- 
olic brothers, and at Kalaupapa a similar home for girls, in charge of 
Roman Catholic sisters. There is a Young Men's Christian Association, 
Protestant churches, Roman Catholic, and Mormon churches. A store 
is maintained by the board for the benefit of the lepers. There is a 
system of waterworks. A district magistrate goes to the settlement 
at times from the other side of the island to hold court. There is a 
band at Kalawao and Kalaupapa each, the members of which are 
lepers, and the uniforms and instruments for which are the gifts of 
private persons. The settlement is a little world in itself. 

The lepers may erect buildings and cultivate land for their own 
benefit. Lepers living outside the homes receive weekly rations of 
food, monthly rations of some other things, such as soap, matches, and 
oil, and semiannual "clothes-ration orders " of the value of $5. They 
are exempt from personal taxes, and taxes on their personal property 
at the settlement. They enjoy a franking privilege as to interisland. 
letters. They may be required to perform a reasonable labor. 

Great care is taken to prevent the spread of the disease, although 
it is not so contagious as popularly supposed. Visitors are not allowed 
at the settlement except by express permission, nor are persons resid- 
ing there allowed to leave the settlement without similar permission. 
Passenger vessels of over 250 tons are forbidden to carry lepers except 
as directed by the board. Financial transactions with the outside are 
conducted by means of postal orders, money seldom leaving the set- 
tlement, and then only after it is purified. Great care is also taken 
to preserve cleanliness at the settlement. 

At Kalihi, near Honolulu, there is a home for nonleprous girls of 
leprous parents in charge of Franciscan sisters. At the same place 
there is a receiving station for the reception and examination of leper 
suspects sent from the various districts; also a hospital for special 
study and treatment of leprosy, with a bacteriological laboratory, in 
charge of a specialist. 

The leper settlement is conducted economically as well as with great 
efficiency. The cost of conducting the settlement and the establish- 
ment at Kalihi together amounts to only about #100 per leper per 
annum. 

How far internal health matters as distinguished from quarantine 
should be controlled by the Federal Government would depend largely 
upon the nature of those matters and the manner in which the con- 
trol is exercised. It would seem that the power of Federal control 
should exist over contagious and infectious diseases as distinguished 
from other internal health matters. These are diseases the control of 
which is of vital interest to the whole people. It does not follow, 
however, that this power should always be exercised directly by the 
Federal Government or exclusively through Federal officers ; but in 
cases of conflict between Federal and local power, when exercised in 



118 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

this respect, the former should be predominant, the latter subordinate 
or auxiliary. The main object is to secure protection, both to the peo- 
ple, at large and to the localities more directly concerned, and at the 
same time to work as little hardship and cause as little offense as pos- 
sible. Leprosy is the only domestic contagious disease in Hawaii that 
need be specially considered. The native Hawaiians are the people 
to whom this disease is almost exclusively confined. They have little 
or no fear of this disease and are peculiarly devoted to their friends 
and relatives. It therefore requires a great deal of tact and good 
judgment to enforce segregation without giving undue offense or work- 
ing undue hardship. In the past attempts to enforce segregation have 
more than once led to bloodshed. But at the present time it is believed 
that such experience has been had by the officers and agents of the 
Hawaiian board of health that strict segregation may be enforced 
with comparatively little friction. Officers who have not had such 
experience and who do not understand Hawaiian ways and character 
would encounter great difficulties and cause great discontent. The 
Federal Government could not do better, either in point of economy 
or in point of effectiveness, at least so long as present conditions con- 
tinue, than to permit this disease to be controlled through the local 
officers and the existing machinery. But it would seem to be only 
just that the Federal Government should share in the expense. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The board has charge of a dispensary on Oahu and one hospital on 
each of the other principal islands, and assists a second hospital on the 
island of Kauai. It assists also a maternity home in Honolulu. It 
has charge of an insane asylum in Honolulu. It has charge of the 
inspection and location of slaughterhouses and inspection of animals 
to be slaughtered, the special inspection of fish, the inspection of food 
supplies in general, and inspection and removal of garbage. It has 
been called upon to pay considerable attention to tuberculosis in neat 
cattle, to sewerage, and to filtration. It is obliged to examine into 
nuisances, sources of filth, and causes of sickness of all kinds and to 
abate them, also to look after the sanitary condition of dwelling and 
lodging houses and to determine the number of people who may be 
lodged in the latter. It may enforce the improvement of land delete- 
rious to the public health by reason of being low and wet or for other 
reasons. It controls licenses for the practice of medicine. It alone 
may import opium. It keeps a record of births, deaths, and mar- 
riages. It has charge of what is known as the act to mitigate. This 
act requires all common prostitutes in Honolulu to register and to be 
examined at least once in two weeks by an appointed physician. 
They are treated free of charge. They are not licensed. The board 
has charge also of the examination and vaccination of all school chil- 
dren, which is required by law. It also exercises certain supervision 
of cemeteries. 

As already mentioned, the board has physicians in most districts of 
the islands. These physicians inspect leper suspects, inspect schools, 
vaccinate school children, and treat free of charge those of all nation- 
alities who can not afford to pay for treatment. They are paid small 
salaries, which may be considered partly in the nature of subsidies for 
living in the outer districts and partly in the nature of compensation 
for the services they perform free of charge. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
COST. 



119 



The expenditures under the board of health for the years 1896 and 
and 1897 were as follows: 





1896. 


1897. 




$1,800.00 


§1,800.00 






General expenses: 


8,507.65 
4, 676. 03 


10, 093. 35 




1,323.98 








13, 183. 67 
17,065.00 
3, 685. 88 


11,376.33 
18, 136. 75 




4,533.76 






Quarantine : 


600.00 
7,305.57 


600. 00 




3, 794. 43 








7,805.57 


3,394.43 


Segregation of lepers: 


18,855.30 
86, 348. 73 


18, 001. 71 




87, 751. 27 








107, 103. 93 


105,753.98 


Support of nonleprous children: 

Payroll . 


436.00 
2,131.06 


456. 00 




2, 794. 24 








2,587.06 


3,250.24 




295.46 
793.03 


204. 54 




54.19 






Hospitals : 

Payroll 


3, 600. 00 
4,323.71 


3,524.00 




6, 776. 29 








7,823.71 


10,300.39 


Insane asylum: 


1,800 00 
10. 854. 00 
14, 748. 47 


1,800.00 




11,10s. 00 




14, 251. 53 








27,403.47 


27,159.53 


Act to mitigate: 


1,035.00 
161.47 


1,080.00 




838. 53 






Aid to maternity home . _ 


1,196.47 

3,000.00 


1.918.53 
2, 000. 00 






Removing garbage: 


4,673.00 
3, 883. 84 


4, 860. 00 




1, 610. 44 








8, 554. 84 
1,870.48 


6,470.44 
289. 83 







SUMMARY. 



Secretary, general expenses, physician, and medicines 

Quarantine - _ - . 

Segregation of lepers, support of nonleprous children, and buildings for 

lepers __. 

Hospitals, insane asylum, act to mitigate; maternity home 

Removing garbage... 

Opium act 



Total 



$35, 734. 55 

7,805.57 

110,323.48 
38,433.65 

8,554.84 
1,870.48 

202,711.57 



$35, 836. 84 
3,394.43 

109,262.95 

41,378.35 

6, 470. 44 

289. 82 

196,632.83 



120 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

The store at the leper settlement is self-supporting. It disposes 
annually of about $40,000 worth of goods, of which about $24,000 come 
back to the Government, and about $16,000 go for supplying the lepers 
with clothing, shoes, and other necessaries. Besides the receipts from 
this store, realizations amounting to about $7,000 per annum come into 
the treasury through the Board from hospital receipts, excavation 
receipts, sales of hides and tallow, etc. 

The legislature at its last session appropriated $257,000 for sewerage 
for the city of Honolulu. «. 

Respectfully submitted. 

W. F. Frear. 
Jno. T. Morgan. 



REPORT OF SUPT. H. S. PRITCHETT. 

Treasury Department, 

Office of the Secretary, 
Washington, D. C, July 27, 1898. 
Dr. H. S. Pritchett, 

Superintendent Coast and Geodetic Survey, 

Treasury Department. 
Sir: By direction of the President yon are authorized and directed 
to visit Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, in the course of your summer 
inspection on the Pacific coast, and to confer with the commissioners 
appointed by the President, and with the surveyor-general of Hawaii, 
in regard to the condition of the surveys of the coast of those islands, 
and the extent of existing records pertaining to such surveys, and 
their proper disposition as a part of the general records of surveys of 
the United States, with a view of completing the charts of that por- 
tion of the United States territory lately annexed in a proper manner 
and in a manner consistent with the work done on the other coasts of 
the United States. 

Respectfully, yours, L. J. Gage, 

Secretary. 
Approved. 

William McKinley. 



Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, September 1, 1898. 
Hon. S. M. Cullom, 

Chairman Commissioners to Hawaiian Islands: 

Sir : I am directed by the President and Secretary of the Treasury 
to visit the Hawaiian Islands and to confer with the commissioners 
appointed by the President, and with the surveyor-general, with a 
view to complete the charts of this portion of the United States 
recentby annexed in a manner consistent with the work done on the 
other coasts of the United States. 

In accordance with these instructions, a copy of which is attached 
hereto, I have the honor to offer the following statement of the work 
already accomplished in the survey of these islands, and certain sugges- 
tions with regard to the continuation and completion of this work in 
a manner comparable with that pursued in other portions of the 
United States. 

GEODETIC WORK ALREADY DONE IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

BY THE HAWAIIAN GOVERNMENT SURVEY. 

In 1870 the legislature of the Hawaiian Islands appropriated $5,000 
to procure the requisite instruments and begin a survey of the King- 
dom Correspondence was opened with the Superintendent of the 

121 



122 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and orders for instruments 
were placed with the firm of Troughton & Sims, of London. 

At this time an organization was effected, consisting of a surveyor- 
general and a number of assistants. A base line was chosen 4£ miles 
in length on Maui, and was measured during the year 1871. From 
this a triangulation was developed, which has passed entirely around 
East Maui, and which, moreover, reaches the summit, accurately 
locating the crater of Haleakala. This was the beginning of the 
geodetic work. Since then other bases have been measured, and the 
primary triangulation has been extended so as to connect the six 
islands, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Kahoolawe,and Hawaii. Kauai 
and Niihau have not yet been connected with other members of the 
group, as the distance is too great for a triangulation. However, 
Kauai has been located in latitude by methods of precision, and Cap- 
tain Tupman's Transit of Venus station on this island gives it a very 
fair accuracy in longitude. Based on this primary triangulation 
which connects the islands other work has been done, such as a com- 
plete triangulation around Oahu, passing by Pearl Harbor and 
Waialua and returning on the windward side. Complete surveys 
have been made of the islands of Molokai and Lanai. A reconnaissance 
and preliminary triangulation of Kauai was executed in 1877 and 
1878, which served as the framework for a map of that island, chiefly 
compiled from former surveys. On Hawaii a triangulation has been 
completed entirely encircling the island. The land surveys made on 
the different islands have been based on the triangulation just 
referred to. 

WORK ACCOMPLISHED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE UNITED STATES COAST AND 

GEODETIC SURVEY. 

Work has been done by the United States Coast and Geodetic Sur- 
vey in the Hawaiian Islands in 1883, 1887, 1891, and 1892. In 1883, on 
the return of the Coast Survey expedition from the South Sea Islands, 
a latitude and gravity station was made at Honolulu, and also at 
Lahaina, on Maui. After the triangulation connecting Oahu with 
Maui had been completed a large discrepancy in latitudes appeared, 
which could only be explained on the theory that extraordinary deflec- 
tions of gravity existed in the islands. This led to a request from 
the Hawaiian government that an officer of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey should be granted a leave of absence, and instruments should 
be loaned that would permit of the determination of a number lati- 
tudes throughout the entire group, in order that their triangulation 
might be placed on a trustworthy basis. The plan was carried out, 
and in 1887 14 latitude stations of precision were made in the group. 
Of these, 3 were on Kauai, 3 on Oahu, 4 on Maui, and 4 on Hawaii. 
In addition, the force of gravity was determined at the base and sum- 
mit of Haleakala, from which a value of the mean density of the 
earth was determined. A contour map for equal elevations of 500 
feet being furnished by the Government survey, it was possible to 
calculate the attraction to be expected on the south side of Maui from 
the influence of the mountain. In 1891, an officer of the Coast aiad 
Geodetic Survey being at Waikiki, an expedition was planned by the 
Hawaiian government survey, for which they paid nearly all th© 
expenses and furnished a number of assistants for the work, to deter- 
mine the force of gravity on the island of Hawaii at the sea level, at 
the half-way point, and on the summit of Mauna Kea. Connected 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 123 

with this expedition a magnetic programme was carried out, and obser- 
vations were made at a number of points on the principal islands, 
notably at Kealakeakua Bay, where Captain Cook observed one hun- 
dred and twenty years ago, and at Lahaina, where De Freycinet made 
a station in 1819. 

OTHER OBSERVATIONS. 

Besides the work done by the Hawaiian government survey in the 
regular prosecution of its task and the work accomplished by the 
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, a number of other scientific 
expeditions have landed and made observations on the islands. Van- 
couver, as early as 1791, made some measurements of the coast line, 
and prepared a chart of some parts of the kingdom. In 1819, as 
before mentioned, De Freycinet made some pendulum observations 
on Maui. In 1825 Lord Byron made measurements in the Bay of Hilo, 
and around the crater of Kilauea. About the same time Ellis, a mis- 
sionary, made longitude and natural-history investigations throughout 
the group. In 1841 the Wilkes exploring expedition visited the islands, 
and measured the force of gravity, which observations have never been 
published. In 1845 the late Prof. C. S. Lyman, of Yale College, estab- 
lished the first astronomical observatory, and by systematic observa- 
tions of the moon's passage determined the first astronomical longi- 
tude for Honolulu. In 1868 the French naval officer Fleuriais made a 
determination of the longitude of Honolulu from twenty-seven tran- 
sits of the moon. 

He gave the value as 10 h 31 m 22 s , a result which seems to be about 
five seconds smaller than the actual value. In 1874 the English Gov- 
ernment sent three astronomical expeditions to the Hawaiian Islands 
to observe the transit of Venus. One of these, under the direction 
of Captain Tupman, established a station in Honolulu and determined 
the longitude, giving as a result 10 h 31 m 26.7 s . From 1873 to 1876 the 
American ship Tuscarora and the English ship Challenger visited the 
islands, engaged in their deep-sea work. In 1877 the German war- 
ship Elizabeth made observations of the ocean currents and deep-sea 
temperatures near the islands. In 1882 the American Government 
sent a geological expedition, under the direction of Captain Dutton, 
which made a study of the Hawaiian volcanoes. In 1891 the Inter- 
national Geodetic Association sent observers to Honolulu for the sake 
of studying the changes of latitude. In 1892 the Albatross made deep- 
sea investigations looking to the establishment of a cable between 
California and Honolulu. In 1897 a careful survey of Pearl Harbor 
was completed by officers of the United States Navy. 

HYDROGRAPHIC WORK ALREADY ACCOMPLISHED. 

In the absence of proper vessels suited to the work, it has not been 
possible for the Hawaiian government survey to carry out any exten- 
sive hydrographic work. Partial surveys were made by Mr. G. E. G. 
Jackson, under the direction of the surveyor-general, of sixteen 
important harbors and bays, and also a partial survey, scarcely more 
than a reconnoissance, of a proposed interisland cable route. The 
soundings made by Mr. Jackson were principally in Kauai, Oahu, 
Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii harbors, and were made between the 
years 1882-1886. Since then they have been published by the United 
States Hydrographic Office. These surveys, while limited in num- 
ber, form valuable data for comparison when a complete survey is 



124 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

made. Excellent surveys of the harbors of Honolulu and Pearl Harbor 
have been made by officers of the United States Navy, the triangula- 
tion points on these being furnished by the Hawaiian government 
survey. 

PRESENT STATUS OF THE GOVERNMENT SURVEY. 

The Hawaiian survey, as at present organized, is a bureau of the 
department of the interior. Besides the surveyor-general, five persons 
are employed in the office, the annual salary roll amounting in all to 
$13,680. An annual appropriation of $22,500 is made for field work 
(to include all work done by the public lands commission); $1,000 is 
appropriated for office expenses, publication, etc., and $600 for meteor- 
ology and tides; in all, a total expenditure of $37,780 annually 

It will be noted that while the survey has carried out a system of 
triangulation throughout the islands, by far the larger part of its pres- 
ent work consists of the survey and subdivisions of the public lands. 
This part of the work, which is in fact a cadastral survey, is under 
the general direction of the lands commission. 

The value of the property in the hands of the Government survey 
at this date is estimated by Professor Alexander, surveyor-general, as 
follows : 

Office furniture and belongings $2, 000 

Manuscript maps, records, and field books 253, 250 

Surveying instruments 2, 000 

Clock, chronometers, and meteorological outfit. 800 

Tools and field oiitfits 400 

Library, including foreign maps 500 

Island maps for sale or distribution , 500 

Observatory building and pier _ 300 

Tide-gauge building, well, and instrument 250 

Total 260,000 

It will be seen that practically the entire value of the property held 
by the survey is comprised in its collection of manuscript, maps, 
records, and field books. These records and maps contain the orig- 
inal observations in the triangulation, and consist largely of geodetic 
data. The value upon them in this estimate is based upon the cost of 
making them. On account of lack of funds much of the work already 
done remains unpublished. 

GEODETIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC WORK YET NECESSARY TO COMPLETE 
THE SURVEY OF THE ISLANDS. 

To complete the trigonometric survey, which is the basis of all the 
other work, it remains yet to cany the triangulation around Kauai 
and Niihau, and to make a geodetic connection between the islands of 
Hawaii and Maui. As soon as a cable is laid, the difference of longi- 
tude between San Francisco and Honolulu will be accurately deter- 
mined. Magnetic observations need to be made at a number of 
points. The most important survey work to be taken up, however, 
and that which is of immediate need, is the hydrographic survey of 
the coast, and particularly of the more important harbors and bays. 
Except in the case of Honolulu and Pearl Harbor, there are no sur- 
veys of harbors of sufficient accuracy to furnish safe data for esti- 
mating necessary improvement, and even in the case of these harbors 
it will be necessary to make a careful study of the currents and tides. 
In the case of Hilo, Kahului, and other harbors, a careful survey and 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 125 

a study of the currents and tides are necessary to furnish the data for 
solving the problems of engineering involved in any improvement. 
As an economical and efficient manner of completing this survey, and 
to preserve at the same time the continuity of the records, I beg to 
suggest the following plan : 

(1) That the work of subdivision of public lands be assigned to 
that department of the government, as it may subsequently be 
organized, which will have in charge the public lands. 

(2) That the Hawaiian trigonometric survey be made a part of 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey of the United States, and that the 
maps, records, and field works of the present survey become a part 
of the general records and archives of the Coast and Geodetic Sur- 
vey; and that the Coast and Geodetic Survey shall then proceed to 
complete the geodetic and hydrographic work necessary to furnish 
charts of the coast and harbors of the Hawaiian Islands on the same 
plan as the surveys of the other harbors of the United States. 

To facilitate the execution of this work it will be necessary for the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey to maintain a suboffice in Honolulu 
similar to that maintained in San Francisco. On account of his long 
experience in the work, it is extremely desirable that Prof. W. D. 
Alexander, surveror-general, be made an officer of the Survey, to 
remain in charge of the suboffice at Honolulu, under the general 
direction of the central office at Washington. Since the subdivision 
and survey of the public lands rest upon the trigonometric survey, it 
would be necessary that the office in charge of the geodetic and coast 
work should furnish all necessary data to the survey of public lands. 
Respectfully, yours, 

Henry S. Pritchett. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON HARBORS AND COASTS. 

Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman of the Hawaiian Commission: 

The undersigned respectfully submit the accompanying statements 
as their report on harbors and coasts: 

Over twenty harbors were surveyed for the Hawaiian Government 
bj r Mr. C. E. G. Jackson, a retired navigating lieutenant in the Brit- 
ish navy, during the years 1881-1884, viz: 

Island of Hawaii. — Hilo, Kawaihae, Kailua, Keauhou, Kealakekua. 

Island of Maui. — Kahului, Nun, Napili, Maalaea, Pueokahi, Hana. 

Island of Oahu. — Kaneohe Bay, Waimanalo, Hanauina, Waialua, 
Waimea, Waianae, Laie, Kawaihoa Bay between Koko Head and 
Diamond Head. 

Island of Kauai. — Hanalei, Waimea, Nawiliwili, and Hanamaula. 

Island of Molohai. — Pukoo, Kamalo, and Kaunakaki. 

Besides the above the harbor of Mahukona, Hawaii, was surveyed 
by Mr. J. S. Emerson. Elaborate surveys of the harbors of Honolulu 
and Pearl Lochs have been made by officers of the United States Navy. 

Charts of the above harbors, with the exception of Kaneohe Bay 
and Mahukona, have been published by the Hydrographic Office of 
the United States Navy. All the foregoing charts referred to are on 
file in the Survey Office. 

PRINCIPAL LANDINGS IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

ISLAND OF KAUAI. 

Nawiliwili. — Two landings. One on the west side belonging to the 
government; one on the north side owned by W. H. Rice. 

Hanamaulu. — Two landings on the north and south sides, owned 
by Lihue plantation. They are built on sidings over the shore out 
into the sea. There is a breakwater on the south side. 

Wailua. — Boats land on the beach; public. 

Kapaa. — Private landing of Makee Sugar Company, with a pier. 

Anahola. — Open roadstead; no wharf; public. 

Moloaa. — Open roadstead; no wharf; public. 

Kilauea. — Private wharf of Kilauea Sugar Company; projects out 
into the water, but is not a regular pier; on the land of Kahili. 

Kalihiwai. — Boats land on the beach; public. 

Hanalei. — Public landing; no wharf; boats land on the beach at 
the mouth of the river. 

Waimea. — A pier owned hy the government. 

Makaweli. — A private wharf. 

Eleele and Hanapepe. — Private wharves at both. 

Koloa. — A private wharf. 

ISLAND OF OAHU. _r 

Waimanalo. — Private landing owned by plantation. 
Kaneohe. — Public landing on beach. 
126 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 127 

Heeia. — Pier owned by plantation. 
Kaalaea and Kalialuu. — Public landings on the beach. 
Waikane. — Boats land on beach; public. 
Punaluu. — Small private pier. 
Hauula. — Boats land on beach; public. 
Laie. — Pier owned by Kahuku plantation. 
Waimea. — Boats land on beach; public. 
Waialua. — Boats land on beach; public. 

Mokuleia. — A wharf and several smaller landings; all private. 
Waianae. — A pier owned by Government. 
Pearl Harbor. — Several small private landings. 
Honolulu. — All the wharves are owned by the Government, with the 
exception of one private wharf, the property of Allen & Robinson. 

ISLAND OF MOLOKAI. 

Kaunakakai. — Government wharf; boats land on beach. 
Kamalo. — A Government wharf. 
Pukoo. — Government wharf. 
Honomuni. — Boats land on beach; public. 
Pauwalu Harbor. — Boats land on beach; public. 
Halawa. — There is a sort of stone place that boats come to; not a 
regular wharf ; public. 

Wailua. — Boats land on beach; public. 

Pelekunu. — Boats land among the rocks; public. 

Leper settlement. — Government wharf; boats come alongside. 

ISLAND OF LANAI. 

Aivalua, — Land on beach; no wharf; private. 
Kaumalapau. — Land right up among the rocks; private. 
Manele. — Land on the beach; private. 
Kahalepalaoa. — Land on the beach; private. 

ISLAND OF MAUI. 

Lahaina. — Pier running out into the sea; Government wharf. 

Olowalu. — Private landing; pier running out into the water. 

McGregofs Landing. — Land on the beach; public. 

Maalaea Bay. — Government wharf; pier, alongside which the boats 
come. 

Kihei. — Government landing; pier. 

Makena. — Government wharf. 

Nuu. — Small Government wharf; boats come alongside. 

Kipahulu. — Private landing; freight is hoisted from the boats by a 
derrick. 

Hamoa. — Government wharf. 

Hana. — Government wharf. 

Nahiku. — Public landing; no wharf. 

Keanae. — Government landing; boats come alongside. 

Huelo. — Private wharf. 

Maliko. — Private wharf. 

Kuau at Paia. — Private wharf. 

Kahului. — Private pier running out into the sea. 

Kahakidoa. — Land on the beach; public. 

Honokahau. — Land on the beach; public. 



128 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Na/pili. — Land on the beach; public. 
Honokawai. — Public landing. 

ISLAND OF HAWAII. ; 

Mahukona. — Private wharf of Wilder Steamship Company. 

Kaivaihae. — Government wharf. 

Kailua. — Government wharf and, warehouse. '- •-.' " N *:*-. \* 

Keauhou (Kona). — Government wharf. 

Kealekekua Bay. — Two Government landings, one at Kaawaloa., 
which is used occasionally, and the other at Napoopoo, which is used 
principally. 

Honaunau. — Land on the beach; public. 

Hookena. — Government wharf. 

Hoopuloa. — Land on the beach; public; no wharf. 

Kaalualu. — Government landing. 

Honuapu. — Pier owned partly by Government and Hutchinson 
Plantation Company. 

Punaluu. — Private wharf, terminus of Inter Island Company. 

Keauhou (Puna). — Private wharf. 

Kalapaua. — No wharf; public landing. 

Pohoihi. — Government wharf. 

Hilo. — There are three Government wharves; one at Hilo proper, 
one at Waiakea River, and one at east side of harbor. 

Wainaku. — Private landing; freight hoisted by derrick. 

Papaikou. — Private wharf. 

Pepeekeo. — Private boat landing. 

Pohakumanu. — Private boat landing. 

Honomu. — Private boat landing; wire cable used for loading and 
unloading freight. 

Hakalau. — Private landing; freight loaded and unloaded by use of 
a derrick. 

Paupahoehoe. — Government wharf. 

Ookala. — Private wharf; wire cable used. 

Kukaiau. — Private landing owned by Kukaiau mill. Freight is 
raised by a derrick, swung around on the cars, and pulled to the top 
of the bluff by cables. 

Kohalalele. — Private landing of the Hamakua mill. Freight is 
raised by a derrick from the boats. 

Paauhau. — Private landing; freight raised by derrick. 

Honokaa. — Private landing; freight raised by derrick. 

Kukuihaele. — Private landing; freight raised by derrick. 

Waipio. — Land on the beach; public. 

Pololu. — Land on the beach among the rocks. 

Niulii. — Private boat landing of the Niulii plantation. 

Keokea (Kohala Landing). — Private wharf. 

Honoipu. — Government landing, where passengers are landed in 
rowboats, and private landing, where freight is loaded by means of a 
wire cable. 

Sanford B. Dole, 
R. R. Hitt, 
Committee on Harbors and Coasts. 

Honolulu, September 16, 1898. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. 

Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman of the Hawaiian Commission: 

I have the honor to submit the following report on agriculture : 

Lands under the control of the Hawaiian Government previous to 
annexation are divided into two general classes, one of which includes 
town lots, sites of public buildings, land devoted to public uses, such 
as roads, landings, nurseries, forest reservations, reservations for con- 
servation of water supply, and public parks — generally designated as 
Government lands, which remain under the management of the min- 
ister of the interior; all other lands are placed under the control of 
the commissioners of public lands, under the designation of public 
lands. 

These are classified as agricultural, pastoral, pastoral agricultural, 
forest, and waste land. 

Agricultural land is divided into three classes: 

First class. Land suitable for the cultivation of fruit, coffee, sugar, 
or other similar crops, with or without irrigation. 

Second class. Land suitable for the cultivation of annual crops only. 

Third class Wet land. 

Pastoral land is divided into two classes: 

First class. Land not within the description of agricultural land, 
but capable of carrying live stock the year through. 

Second class. Land capable of carrying live stock only a part of the 
year, and otherwise inferior to the first class. 

These divisions of the public lands are necessarily somewhat arbi- 
trary and only approximate definiteness in description. For instance, 
some first-class pastoral land is fair second-class agricultural land, 
and much of the pastoral land of both the first and second classes 
becomes first-class agricultural land upon the application of irrigation. 

Wet land is used as such for the cultivation of only taro and rice, 
but it is sometimes dried off or drained and used for the cultivation 
of sugar. 

First-class agricultural land may be loosely divided into sugar land 
and fruit and coffee land, the former generally lying at low elevations 
and the latter beginning where the former leaves off and reaching 
near to the frost line, though all sugar lands are more or less suitable 
for the cultivation of some kinds of fruit. 

The staple agricultural products, leaving out for the piesent the 
subject of live stock, are taro, sugar, rice, coffee, and bananas. 

Taro is the staff of life to the aboriginal Hawaiians, and is entirely 
consumed at home, except a small amount of taro flour, which is 
exported. It is general]} 7 raised in wet land, but it grows well and is 
cultivated to a considerable extent in dry land. The crop is a profit- 
able one, but has suffered in recent years from the attacks of various 
insect pests. 

There are no statistics from which information can be obtained as 
to the aggregate annual yield and average profits of this crop. 

haw 9* 129 



130 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Sugar was first grown in the Hawaiian Islands on lands erijoying a 
sufficient rainfall the year through for its successful cultivation, and 
it is still extensively produced on such lands. Irrigation by gravity 
from running streams was introduced at an early period, and the 
results were so beneficial that its development was rapid, and exten- 
sive arid areas in different parts of the islands were thus reclaimed. 
Irrigation by water artificially raised was a later enterprise, and has 
become especially successful in recent years through radical improve- 
ments in pumping machinery. Fertilizers are almost universally 
used by sugar growers with satisfactory results. Steam plows are 
generally used where the character of the land permits, with marked 
improvement in the productive quality of the soil. 

It is probable that sugar production depending upon a water sup- 
ply from rainfall or from streams by gravity flow has nearly reached 
its limit, and that all future increase in the sugar production of the 
Hawaiian Islands will be through aid of pumping machinery. 

As substantially all of the sugar produced in these islands is 
exported, the custom-house statistics fairly give the extent of the 
production. Thisforl897was520,158,232pounds,worth$15,390,422.13. 

Rice is always grown in wet land and is almost entirety cultivated 
bjr the Chinese, many of whom have improved machinery moved by 
water power for preparing the crop for the market. Two crops are 
raised each year from the same land. Fertilizers are much used. 
The product is of the best quality. While there is a large consump- 
tion of rice at home the export for 1897 amounted to 5,499,499 pounds, 
worth $225,575.52. 

The cultivation of coffee is a comparatively new enterprise, only a 
few of the plantations being as yet in full bearing. Coffee was tried 
on a considerable scale in the fifties, but was a failure through insect 
pests. At that time it was generally cultivated on low lands; now 
it is agreed that in this country coffee should be cultivated at eleva- 
tions between 300 or 400 and 2,500 feet above the sea. The best soil 
for it is loose alluvium over a subsoil of aa (broken volcanic rock). 
The elevation required for its cultivation places it well within the 
forest belt, a circumstance which often calls for a considerable out- 
lay for clearing. Irrigation is seldom used in coffee culture. Four or 
five years from transplanting are required by a coffee tree for reaching 
a full bearing capacity. 

Coffee raising can be favorably carried on upon a small scale, 
although in the pulping and cleaning processes cooperation among 
neighboring planters is desirable. 

On account of the increasing demand for coffee lands, and the fact 
that this enterprise can be profitably carried on in small holdings, the 
Government has devoted its energies, under the settlement provisions 
of its land legislation, mainly to the opening of coffee lands to settle- 
ment in small farms within 100 acres in extent, except in the Olaa 
coffee region, where pioneer holders of original crown leases were 
allowed to acquire, upon the basis of such leases, a larger area. These 
lands have been eagerly taken up by actual settlers, and are generally 
prosperous. In the last biennial period 422 holdings, not including 
the Olaa lots, were taken up, including an aggregate area of 20,234 
acres and worth, at the moderate government appraisement, $118,853, 
unimproved value. The agreements under which these lots were 
taken require performance of conditions of residence and cultivation 
in some cases, and of cultivation and other improvement in others, 
and in no case confer immediate titl$ in fee. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 131 

The area of good coffee land as yet unoccupied is comparatively 
large. A large part, however, of the public lands of this class is held 
under leases to private parties. The expiration of the terms of these 
leases will, from time to time, augment materially the area under the 
control of the Government suitable for settlement purposes. 

As land suitable for coffee culture corresponds generally with forest 
land, the policy of land settlement is confronted with the considera- 
tion of the subject of forestry. A wholesale substitution of coffee 
plantations for forest growth might seriously affect local climatic con- 
ditions to the extent of producing permanent injury to surrounding 
agricultural interests. This subject should be fully investigated 
before any settlement enterprises involving extensive forest destruc- 
tion are decided on. 

There is a considerable local consumption of Hawaiian coffee. The 
export for 1897 amounted to 337,158 pounds, estimated to be worth 
$99,696.62. 

The banana is a hardy plant without insect enemies and is 
cultivated largely with irrigation. It requires a fertile soil and 
thorough cultivation, and can be raised from the seashore nearly up 
to the frost line. The yield is large and the crop, as raised for export, 
a profitable one. In 1897 there were exported 75,835 bunches, valued 
at $75,412.50. There is also a considerable home consumption of this 
fruit. 

Under free trade with the main land the cultivation of pineapples, 
avocado pears, and tobacco, and the manufacture of taro flour and 
jams and jellies and the canning of fruit will undoubtedly become 
profitable. Other fruits and some vegetables will be profitably raised 
for the Pacific coast markets. 

Indian corn, Irish and sweet potatoes, and garden vegetables are 
successfully and profitably raised for the home demand. 

The raising of live stock has, as a rule, been carried on in a hap- 
hazard way, relying upon the natural growth of native grasses for 
pasturage, without other feeding. While considerable attention has 
been paid to the improvement of all kinds of stock by the introduction 
of good blood, the condition and quality of live stock at the islands 
on the whole is not very creditable to the country; yet the business 
is generally profitable. 

With increased communication with other countries, numerous 
insect pests have been introduced, some of which have very seriously 
threatened certain crops. To meet this invasion, the Government, 
acting jointly with the Sugar Planters' Association, has for several 
years kept an able entomologist in its employ, whose efforts have been 
directed to the introduction of enemies of the insect pests and have 
been attended with marked success. 

Under a new form of government it will be important to the country 
that it should have full authority to protect itself against the chance 
importation of injurious insects, even from the rest of the United 
States. 

Sanford B. Dole. 

Honolulu, August 30, 1898. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION. 

In 1843 a department of public instruction was organized and 
placed in charge of a minister of the Crown, although as early as ten 
or twelve years from the advent of the first missionaries (1820), 
schools had been general throughout the country. In 1841 a school 
was established by the American missionaries at Punahou, in the 
vicinity of Honolulu, which has developed into what is now known 
as Oahu College. A government reformatory school was founded in 
1865, and in the same year the legislative assembly created a board 
of education and organized a public school system, so well founded 
as to have survived to the present time without any radical changes. 

By an act of the legislature of 189G, the school system of Hawaii, 
which for thirty years had been a bureau of the government, was put 
upon a firmer basis and constituted an Executive Department, mak- 
ing the minister of foreign affairs ex-officio minister of public instruc- 
tion, presiding over a board of six other commissioners, appointed by 
the President of the Republic, and whose term of office is three years, 
one-third of the board retiring every year. Two of the commissioners 
are ladies and all the members serve without compensation. 

The early public schools were all taught in the Hawaiian language, 
and used Hawaiian text-books. About the year 1850, English schools 
were instituted by the government to meet the popular demand and 
the growth of the English speaking classes of the islands, the tuition 
for which a small fee of $5 a year for each pupil was charged. 

This class of schools steadily increased in numbers till 1888, when 
they were made free schools by law. Since then the schools conducted 
in the Hawaiian language have rapidly given way to free English 
speaking schools, which latter language by the school act of 1896 was 
made the medium and basis of instruction in all schools, public and 
private, until now there exists only one public school taught in the 
Hawaiian tongue, which is upon the island of Niihau. Chinese resi- 
dents maintain a number of small schools devoted to the teaching of 
their own language, the instruction in which is only permitted out- 
side of government school hours. 

The theory of the Republic being that the government is respon- 
sible for the elementary education at large of all children within its 
jurisdiction, we find education in the Hawaiian Islands to be uni- 
versal, to be compulsory and free. The law requires that every child 
between the ages of 6 and 15 years, inclusive, shall attend either a 
public or private school, in which the English language is the medium 
of instruction. The government does not undertake to exercise 
direct control over private or independent schools, but enforces com- 
pliance with this requirement in the manner of instruction. 

Attendance is enforced by means of truant officers or school police, 
of whom there are between 40 and 50 in all, and-one or more in each 
district of a nationality agreeing as nearly as possible with the nation- 
alities of the different localities. These officers visit the schools regu- 
132 % 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 133 

iariy, secure the names of absentees — whom they look up — as well as 
also those children not upon the rolls of the government schools 
between the ages prescribed by law. 

The Republic took an advanced position with reference to the 
entire separation of the church and the state, the Constitution forbid- 
ding any aid from the public treasury to " any sectarian, denomina- 
tional, or private school,"- and by the new school law of 1896, no priest 
or minister of religion is eligible to fill the office of minister of public 
instruction or a member of the board of education. Clergymen ma3 r 
be teachers or instructors in Government schools, but no distinctively 
religious teaching is permitted. 

The school system and its methods are peculiarly American, and in 
the appointment of teachers race lines receive very little considera- 
tion, there being teachers from all nationalities, with the possible 
exception of the Japanese. During the past few years a normal 
school has been established at Honolulu, with a practice school 
attached. It has an enrollment of 50 pupils and is in charge of three 
teachers. Practical methods of teaching and instruction are given 
these students, and successful teachers, having a professional train- 
ing and a familiar acquaintance with the peculiar conditions of the 
Hawaiian school system, are graduated. Teachers' examinations are 
held annually, and successful candidates are given certificates based 
on the averages obtained, the time for which they are good depend- 
ing on the class of the certificate, whether primary or grammar. 

Owing to the local condition existing in many of the out of town 
districts, where there are no hotels or boarding houses and in many 
instances no white families within a practical distance of the school, 
the government has found it necessary to provide free cottages for 
the use of teachers. The salaries of the regular teaching force are 
annual salaries, payable monthly, with an average monthly salary of 
$63.18 for each teacher. The total number of public schools is 132, 
having a corps of 298 teachers and enrollment of 10,568 pupils, 
according to the report of the minister of public instruction for 1897. 
The average number of pupils for each teacher in the islands is 35, 
and the schools are in session for forty weeks, two months longer than 
the ordinary school year in the United States. 

The Honolulu High School was organized in 1895, and occupies the 
handsome private residence formerly the palace of Princess Ruth, a 
sister of Kamehameha IV and V. The school is the pride of the 
department, both for the beauty of the building and grounds and for 
the high character of instruction given in it. 

Industrial and manual training, the importance of which is fully 
appreciated by the government, has been only partially provided for. 
The Lahainaluna Seminary, on Maui, founded in 1831, which exists 
now as a government school, furnishes instruction in agriculture, 
carpentry, printing, and mechanical drawing, and the students have 
raised most of their food. The boys in the reformatory are now 
learning useful trades, and the experiment of teaching sewing in the 
public schools has met with marked success. 

But the best work in this direction, upon which the government 
has not been prepared to enter extensively, is being done by inde- 
pendent or private schools, of which there are 60 in all, having a total 
enrollment of 3,954. 

Among these are the mission and private boarding schools for 
Hawaiian girls, the Kamehameha schools for both boys and girls, 



134 ANNEXATION OP THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Oahu College, St. Louis College for boys, besides a number of small 
schools supported by private enterprise, including several successful 
kindergartens. The Mills Institute, conducted by Mr. Frank Damon 
and his capable wife, is a mission boarding school in Honolulu for 
Chinese boys, who are taught to read and speak English and to become 
good citizens. 

The Kamehameha schools for Hawaiian boys and girls were founded 
by the late Mrs. Bernice Pauahi Bishop, and the buildings are among 
the finest in the country. Besides furnishing a good primary and 
grammar school education the school is provided with commodious 
and well-equipped workshops for carpentry, wood and metal working, 
as well as for the training of girls in housekeeping and modes of living 
generally. There is also in connection with this school a normal and 
training department. 

The most advanced and comprehensive course of study is furnished 
by the Oahu College, situated in the suburbs of Honolulu. This well- 
developed and flourishing institution has grown out of a small school 
founded by the American mission in 1841. It possesses a commodious 
group of modern buildings and extensive grounds, and furnishes what 
is virtually a high-school course, as also a thorough classical course 
and preparatory department furnishing instruction in the sciences, 
modern languages, music, drawing, etc. The high standing of its 
graduates in universities of the United States speaks well for the 
training received here. An endowment of 1285,000 has been built up, 
and the institution is rapidly becoming the equal of many of the 
American colleges. 

The St. Louis College for boys is a large boarding and day school 
in charge of the Brothers of Mary, doing effective work and having 
over 500 pupils in its various departments. Iolani College, under the 
direction of the Anglican bishops of Honolulu, is a well-conducted 
academy for boys. 

With reference to the cost of education in the Hawaiian Islands, it 
is interesting to know that over one-eighth of the expenditures of the 
Hawaiian government have been for the support of public schools, 
viz, 1371,917.23, being the amount of expenditures for the biennial 
period ending December 31, 1897. Of the total appropriation 
($4,471,780.02) made by the last legislature for the two years ending 
December 31, 1899, $618,800 of which was appropriated for school 
purposes, or at the rate of $309,400 per annum, which, for a country 
having not much over 100,000 inhabitants in all, may be regarded as 
liberal indeed. Of the sum mentioned as the aggregate appropriation 
for the current expenses of the department for the biennial period, 
$404,000 is required for salaries and pay rolls, mostly for teachers. 
The average salary paid government school teachers for the year 
ending December 31, 1897, was $750. A comparison of the absolute 
and relative cost of education in the United States and in Hawaii has 
been made from the last report of the Commissioner of Education of 
the United States and that of the minister of public instruction, which 
shows that the cost of schooling per day is greater per pupil in the 
United States than in the Hawaiian Islands. In estimating the com- 
parative cost of tuition and of education in general in the two coun- 
tries it is necessary to take into consideration the length of the school 
year, which in Hawaii is nearly sixty days longer than the average 
number of school days in the United States. 

The Western division of the United States referred to below com- 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



135 



prises Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, 
Nevada, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and California. California is 
also compared individually. 

Comparative table of expenditures for education in Hawaii and in the United 
, States of America. 



United States 

Western division 

California 

Hawaii 



.a he 
3.5 

13 b. 

s s 



15ft 



140.5 
142.0 
174.0 
200.0 



sis ii2 
27.17 
31. 51 
21.17 



J2.61 

3.53 

4 

2. 









<a * 








Pta ■ 


P. 




3 


jf eS ft 


f^l 




-O P. 


43 ftft 


a 3 




cS ft 


*■< s> 2 






°S 


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V- 4^ m 






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p ^ eg 







IB 




xpen 
ings, 
and 


O 


W 


§11.94 


S3. 32 


17.96 


3.49 


23.31 


3.32 


18.50 


61.46 



cor, 






75 cS 

IS 

H a 
a S 



147.37 

60.03 
80.19 
74.55 



840.24 

52.87 
65 42 
55.18 



c3 3 
to — 



32.6 
29.7 
20.4 
41.3 



67. 4 sJ2. 26 

70.3 55.00 

79.6 a (58.43 

58. 7 63. 18 



a Salaries for California are for 1892-93; all other figures froni the United States are for 1895-96; 
all figures for Hawaii are froni the present report. 

6 Apparatus and teachers' reference books are charged to a different appropriation in Hawaii, 
but it is estimated that these items would not increase this average by more than 2 cents. 

The following tables show that a total of 14,522 pupils were enrolled 
in the schools, public and independent, of the Hawaiian Islands, at 
the close of the year 1897. Of the entire attendance nearly 54 per 
cent was Hawaiian of pure and mixed blood, and 28 per cent Portu- 
guese, the remaining 18 per cent being divided up among the Ameri- 
cans, British, Germans, Japanese, Chinese, and other nationalities. 
Of the 14,522 pupils, 10,568 were attending government schools, and 
3,954 private or independent schools. The public schools, of which 
there are 132 in number, gave employment to 123 male and 175 female 
teachers, a total of 298 teachers; and the private schools, of which 
there are 60, to 82 males and 127 females, a total of 209 teachers. Of 
all teachers in the country 49.9 per cent are Americans. Hawaiians 
and part-Hawaii teachers come next, and form 23.4 per cent of the 
entire teaching force, while British number 13.6 per cent. 

Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in the Hawaiian Islands. 





to 

"3 

o 
A 

o 


Teachers. 


Pupils. 




Male. Female. 


Total. 


Male. Female, j Total. 




131 

1 

60 


122 
1 

82 


175 
127 


297 

1 

209 


5,908 ' 4,634 10.542 


Public schools taught in Hawaiian 


17 9 26 

2.092 1.862 3.054 






Total 


192 


205 


302 


507 


8,017 6,505 14,522 




1 



According to the last census of the islands, taken in 1896, the popu- 
lation within the legal compulsory school age was 14,286, being an 
increase of 2,277, or about 19 per cent in six years while according to 
the school statistics compiled the same year the total number of chil- 
dren attending all schools, public and private, was 14,023. It will be 



136 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



seen that the population within the school age and the numbers 
actually attending school approximate very closely. 



Nationalities. 


Number 

within 

school age. 


Per cent 

attending 

school. 


Hawaiians 




5, 407 
2,437 

4,505 

126 

72 

. 132 

1 

12 

774 

147 

665 

6 

12 


98.39 


Part Hawaiians 


99.01 


Hawaiian-born foreigners 


94. 40 




86.50 


British 


82. 75 




82. 25 


French _ 






100.00 




85.40 




9'4. 55 




92.48 








83.33 








Total 


14,286 


96.20 







It is apparent that more than one-third of this whole number con- 
sists of Hawaiian-born children of unmixed foreign blood. The reason 
that the American, English, and German do not stand among the 90 
per cent is that in many instances their children are educated at 
home by governesses until they are seven or eight years of age, and 
others are educated entirely at home. 

From the foregoing statements it may be concluded, in the efforts 
that have been made toward educational improvement, so far as the 
native Hawaiian and white population are concerned, the percentage 
of illiteracy is less than in many of the great European countries and 
less than in many States of the American Union, and it is very rare 
to find a native Hawaiian under 40 years of age who can not at least 
read and write his own language. 

There are few countries where education is so universal as in Hawaii, 
and this fact is due largely, perhaps, to the efficient manner of enforc- 
ing the law compelling the education of children within the ages of 6 
and 15, as a consequence of which very few children of school age in 
the islands escape being obliged to attend school. 

The Hawaiian school system is by no means perfect, but it enables 
those who en j oy its advantages to read and write in the English language, 
and the rudiments inculcated in the child can only have a beneficent 
effect on the man or woman who is afterwards to become the citizen. 

The present public-school system in the Hawaiian Islands is such 
an admirable one that improvements in the system can only wisety be 
made as the Territory expands in population and intellectual growth. 
The committee therefore recommend that the present school system 
remain in force, except that as vacancies in the school board or com- 
missioners may occur their places can be filled by the governor of the 
Territory of Hawaii and confirmed by the Senate. 

The school age might be enlarged to include youths of 18 years and 
to provide free kindergartens for children between the ages of 4 and 6. 
The introduction of free text-books, to be furnished by the govern- 
ment, would be of great advantage in a compulsory system of school 
education, and would mean school libraries, which at present are 
inadequate to the needs of the pupils in the public schools. 

The committee have not felt satisfied to pass by the system of edu- 
cation pursued in the Hawaiian Islands without a "short description of 
the education of lepers on the island of Molokai. 

The Baldwin Home, for boys, and the Bishop Home, for girls, in the 
leper settlement on Molokai, originaWy the generous gifts of H. P. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 137 

Baldwin and Charles R. Bishop, respectively, but now maintained by 
t)ie government, are engaged in a useful and noble work in the 
employment of homeless children who have become victims of this 
dreaded disease and are now gathered here upon this island. 

The Baldwin Home is in charge of Brother Joseph Dutton and five 
faithful assistants, with an enrollment of 146 boys, who are given the 
rudiments of an elementary school education and taught the use of 
tools, the building of roads and fences, and the cultivation of a small 
tract of ground attached to the home. The site selected for the home 
a few years ago — a rugged, barren spot — presents now a very attract- 
ive appearance. A brass band composed of the inmates of the home 
is a source of much pleasure and satisfaction to those confined there. 

The Bishop Home, for girls, is under the care of a mother superior 
and sisters associated with. her. The institution is the refuge of 126 
girls and helpless women who have developed leprosy and have no 
means of maintaining themselves after being sent to the settlement. 
They are given, in addition to school routine, instruction in sewing, 
cooking, ironing, and household arts. The administration of the affairs 
in these two establishments for the care of helpless and homeless chil- 
dren is admirable, and words can not express the respect and venera- 
tion due those in charge, who refuse any remuneration for this devo- 
tion to a life work of charity beyond a nominal sum for their indi- 
vidual support upon the island. 

There is a third government school in the settlement for day pupils, 
having an average daily attendance of 23. The object of all educa- 
tion in this settlement, beyond the elevation of people, is merely to 
keep the leprous children occupied during their early years of con- 
finement on the island. The system of education and employment is 
highly commendable, and great credit is due the Hawaiian Govern- 
ment for the care and solicitude bestowed upon these poor unfortu- 
nates, who are the "wards of the people." 

The Kapiolani Home for nonleprous girls of leprous parents is 
conducted at Kalihi, near Honolulu. Under the care of the Fran- 
ciscan Sisters the government has provided a home for many little 
girls born of leper parents. It is exceedingly rare that a child inherits 
leprosy, and even where both parents are lepers, if the child be removed 
before it has become infected with the disease there is small danger 
of its developing leprosy. These nonleprous children are generally 
taken from their parents when 2 years of age. Sometimes friends of 
the family provide for them, and in other cases they are taken to the 
home. In this retreat there are 21 girls, ranging from 2 to 20 years 
of age, who are not only given a good school education, but trained 
in such branches of domestic work as are necessary to fit them to 
become useful members of the community thereafter. This home is 
for girls, and is insufficient to accommodate the present number of 
inmates comfortably. There is a necessity for a similar institution 
for boys and for enlarging the present capacity of the Kapiolani 
Home. 

The committee feel, while the school system for the early education 
and care of the youth of the Hawaiian Islands is an object of admira- 
tion and praise for so small a territory, efforts in this direction should 
not be relaxed, but should receive the hearty cooperation of the Gov- 
ernment. 

Respectfully submitted. „ ,, „ 

1 " S. M. Cullom. 

Jno. T. Morgan. 

W. F. Frear. 

September 8, 1898. 



REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND 

LABOR. 

At an early date there were occasional visits of Chinese people to 
Hawaii. A few individual Chinese had, as early as 1845, been per- 
mitted to intermarry with Hawaiians, and the interior department of 
Hawaii has records showing the naturalization of one ' ' Arsing " in that 
year. An oath of allegiance was required before an alien could marry 
a Hawaiian. In the past fifty years there have been about 700 Chinese 
naturalized as Hawaiian citizens. The children of some of the earlier 
Chinese residents, resulting from their intermarriage with Hawaiian 
citizens, have become prominent in the social and business life of 
Hawaii, and, as stated by a well-known observer, the blending of the 
Chinese and Hawaiian bloods has produced beneficial results. Many 
of these children have been educated at the best English schools and 
in the colleges and universities of the United States. A large number 
have proved worthy of the education bestowed upon them, and not 
less than fifty have found employment in government and business 
offices and mercantile houses in Honolulu alone. Some of these earlier 
Chinese immigrants in Hawaii have, by naturalization and intermar- 
riage, become land and property owners and good citizens. This ele- 
ment of Chinese origin must not, however, be confounded Avith or 
mistaken for those who came to Hawaii simply as laborers under con- 
tract for a specific term of years authorized, limited, and controlled 
by the government. 

The immigration of Chinese laborers began in 1852, and grew out of 
what was thought to be the necessities of the people, owing to the de- 
cline of the number of Hawaiian laborers. About that time the Royal 
Hawaiian Agricultural Society issued a circular suggesting the intro- 
duction of Chinese coolie labor, and in January, 1852, the bark Thetis, 
brought, under agreement, 180 coolies from China. This experiment 
was deemed satisfactory by the society, and thereafter, up to January, 
1866, there were 1,306 Chinese imported, of whom 54 were women and 
5 were children. From 1866 to the present time, the Government 
and various organizations interested in the labor question have looked 
after the importation of laborers from other countries besides China. 
In all, three nationalities, Chinese, Japanese, and the Portuguese colo- 
nies, have been drawn upon. The two former still continue to furnish 
large numbers of laborers, while Portuguese immigration has appar- 
ently ceased. 

The Hawaiian Government, in 1864, passed an act creating a bu- 
reau of immigration for the purpose of superintending the inspection 
of imported foreign laborers and the introduction of immigrants as 
laborers. Ordinances were issued by the King authorizing the bureau 
of immigration to take steps to promote the introduction into the 
kingdom of free immigrants from the Portuguese colonies, the Azores, 
the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands, and from ' ' any of the 
islands of the Pacific Ocean." The Hawaiian bark R. W. Wood was 
ordered chartered to proceed to China to obtain a cargo of Chinese 
laborers, at the expense of the bureau of immigration. 
138 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 139 

In 1865, December 18, Capt. James Makee, of the island of Mauai, 
master of the Hawaiian schooner Pfeil, brought 20 men, 3 women, and 
2 children from the Caroline Islands under contracts to labor on his 
plantation. 

In June, 1865, about 15 Marquesans were brought to the islands, 
partly under the auspices of the bureau of immigration and partly 
under the board of foreign missions. These, with the Caroline Island 
immigrants, gave good satisfaction, 'and their labor contracts were 
approved by the bureau. In 1865 the question of the importation of 
Chinese "coolies" was further considered, and under certain regula- 
tions the introduction of this class of labor from China became a part 
of the policy of the Hawaiian Islands. From this time on cargoes of 
Chinese laborers under contracts for service were frequently and regu- 
larly made. The matter of the medical inspection of immigrants 
became important as a means of protecting the health of the inhabit- 
ants against contagious or infectious diseases, and the various steps 
taken in this direction have finally resulted in quarantine and health 
protective measures, which at this time are quite efficient. 

Various changes in the regulations and statutes controlling the 
immigration and introduction of foreign laborers were made from time 
to time by legislative and royal authority. A few inhabitants of the 
South Sea Islands were brought to Hawaii, and many Portuguese from 
other island colonies became residents and laborers in the kingdom. 
Special efforts were from time to time made to induce the importation 
of females of the several islands and countries from which such 
importation was desirable. 

As time passed, in 1867 and 1868, the matter of providing for the 
introduction of Japanese laborers became an important question. 
The Japanese Government interposed its offices, and has since looked 
after the interests of those of its subjects who have become laborers 
in Hawaii. So it may be said that as a commercial or business propo- 
sition, the matter of the employment of cheap labor, imported from 
various islands and countries became the important subject of 
Hawaiian consideration. The large profits resulting from the cultiva- 
tion and manufacture of sugar, where inexpensive Asiatic labor was 
to be obtained, produced the legitimate result of aggregating capital 
in large amounts for the purchase or leasing of sugar lands, where this 
class of laborers could be employed most profitably. The facilities 
which existed under the Hawaiian monarchy for obtaining grants, 
concessions, and leases of government lands were availed of by specu- 
lative favorites and others, and large plantations by wealthy planters, 
instead of small holdings by industrious heads of families, became 
the rule upon the islands. The cost of irrigation in sugar-producing 
districts is also an obstacle not easily to be overcome by the small 
landholder, who could seldom command the funds to erect the dams, 
sluices, flumes, and expensive works required to convey the water. 
So that many thousands of acres of the most fertile lands in the world 
have, by the combined influences above referred to, and others quite 
as potent, become unattainable by ordinary citizens. The large 
holdings have become larger and the small ones have been driven 
out or absorbed. Thus the prime object of American citizenship, the 
making of homes and the complete development of the family as the 
unit of our social system, seems, in a degree, to have been lost sight 
of in the Hawaiian Islands. 

The great corporations with special facilities for control of the soil 
have been often promoted by corrupt royal favoritism or other unjust 



140 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

means, and the individual citizen has been, per force, driven from 
the occupation in which he might have become a useful member of 
the community. Theoretically, Hawaii is now endowed with the 
attributes of a republican government, but to become truly and prac- 
tically a part of our republic the laws of the United States prohibit- 
ing the creation or continuance of long leases of valuable lands and 
directing the survey and subdivision of all of the public lands of the 
islands as a part of the heritage of the people should be put in force. 
These lands should be disposed of in such wise and beneficent man- 
ner as will make these mountains and valleys the home of a million 
good American citizens. In the legislation necessary to produce this 
most desirable future for these insular additions to our system, two 
imperative agencies must be thoroughly and exhaustively considered. 
It seems to be admitted that the government of the country should be 
held responsible, first of all, for a complete system of public roads. 
The individual landowner ought not to be charged with the expense 
of building, in this mountainous country, the roads necessary either 
for the public use or for giving access to his lands or to those of his 
neighbors. With good public roads the first great hindrance to the 
building up of homes, of neighborhoods, and communities and schools 
will disappear. Wherever, in this fertile land we make places for 
homes, we shall have homes. 

Next to a good road system there remains as a necessary and most 
important agency in the advancement and development of a country 
aptly termed " The Paradise of the Pacific" a water supply for the 
irrigation of the lands. The recent establishment of great pumping 
plants and the sinking of artesian wells have shown that vast quan- 
tities of water can be profitably raised to a height of hundreds of feet 
and made directly available for a great acreage of the most valuable 
products of the soil. This artesian water may prove to be the com- 
plete means right at hand for converting large tracts of the plateau 
lands of all these volcanic highlands into the food-producing farms of 
the Pacific. Not only sugar, but coffee, cotton, fibers, fruits (tropical 
and temperate), vegetables, grains, cereals, rice, taro, the grasses, and 
a whole catalogue of productions of the soil may be profitably grown. 
With good roads and adequate water supply, what more would be re- 
quired which the genius of the people could not supply? What more 
is needed to inaugurate in the Territory of Hawaii a foundation for 
the highest type of citizenship and the best manhood and womanhood 
than the evolution of the home and farm? 

We would therefore recommend the careful consideration of the 
propriety of fostering by legislation, either national or territorial, the 
building of roads and the development of the artesian water supply as 
among the principal means by which the lease system, the contract- 
labor system, and the system of farming by corporations may be 
broken up, and a basic establishment for the making of farms and* 
homes and the consequent growth and education of good citizens be 
established. 

The existing situation in Hawaii in regard to foreign contract labor 
is illustrated by the following table compiled from official sources, 
showing the total number of sugar-plantation laborers now employed 
on the principal islands of the group : 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



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ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 143 

The total number of laborers on all Hawaiian sugar plantations 
December 31, 1897, was 24,653. From January 1 to August 12, 1898, 
the excess of arrivals over departures has been 2,195, which makes the 
grand total of laborers on August 12, 1898, 26,848. 

These laborers are divided, as indicated, between the Japanese, 
Chinese, Portuguese, Hawaiians, South Sea Islanders, and a very 
small number from other nationalities. They are distributed in the 
order above indicated. By the terms of the contracts made for Chinese 
laborers all must return to their own country at the expiration of 
their terms of service, if not reengaged. 

They can not remain and engage in competition with artisans or 
merchants. The whole matter is under the close inspection of the 
bureau of immigration, which maintains a rigid compliance with 
the law as to service, etc. 

The yield of sugar annually upon the Hawaiian Islands has steadily 
increased from 25,000,000 pounds in 1875 to 172,000,000 pounds in 1885, 
300,000,000 pounds in 1895, and 500,000,000 pounds (approximately) 
in 1897.' 

The value of the sugar produced in the twenty-three years, begin- 
ning with 1875, has reached the enormous total of $180,000,000. This 
vast production by an average population of less than 80,000 persons 
gives a sufficient explanation, from the sugar crop alone, for the real 
and apparent prosperity of the inhabitants. 

The census of 1896 showed that the number of males and females 
of Hawaiian or part Hawaiian birth was about equal, while, of the 
imported Asiatic laborers, the males numbered nearly six times as 
many as the females. Taking the entire population in 1896, native 
and foreign — viz, males, 72,517; females,. 36,503 — it will be seen that 
there are twice as manj^ males as females. This fact itself is most 
significant, as showing that two-thirds of the population is of the male 
or producing class, indicating a constant increase of wealth to the 
country by their labor. 

The growth of almost all agricultural products found profitable in 
Hawaii has also been demonstrated to be profitable and successful in 
other countries where white labor is employed. The production of 
coffee and rice, it is claimed, is also as perfectly feasible with white 
or native labor as by imported Asiatic labor. The producing classes 
of the United States are anxious to have the privilege of making 
investments and homes in these islands when the conditions which 
prohibit such investments shall have been obliterated. Give to the 
American citizen laborer a fair show and let him then take care of 
himself. 

We should here refer to the Statutes of the United States, chapter 
164, approved February 26, 1885, prohibiting the importation of alien 
contract laborers into this country. 

Section 1 of this act provides that it shall be unlawful 

for any person, company, partnership; or corporation, in any manner whatsoever, 
to prepay the transportation or in any way assist or encourage the importation or 
immigration of any alien or aliens, any foreigner or foreigners, into the United 
States, its Territories, or District of Columbia, under contract or agreement to per- 
form labor or service of any kind. 

Sec. 2. That all contracts or agreements, expressed or implied, parol or special, 
which may hereafter be made by and between any person, company, partnership, 
or corporation, and any foreigner or foreigners, alien or aliens, to perform labor 
or service or havingref erence to the performance of labor or service, by any person 
in the United States, its Territories, or the District of Columbia, previous to the 
migration or importation of the person or persons, whose labor or service is con- 
tracted for, into the United States, shall be utterly void and of no effect. 



144 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Under a succeeding section, a penalty forfeiting $1,000 for each 
offense is imposed, and the master of any vessel who shall knowingly 
bring any laborer, mechanic, or artisan into the United States, shall 
be punished by fine and imprisonment. There are also other laws of 
the United States which prohibit the importation into this country of 
Asiatic cooly laborers, with appropriate penalties of fine and imprison- 
ment. 

The policy of the United States in regard to the introduction of alien 
labor which might compete with the wages of American laborers in any 
of the avocations of life, except those where skilled labor is required, 
is very clear and emphatic. 

The committee is therefore of the opinion that the enforcement of 
the present United States laws regarding imported laborers, with the 
application of the American policy of fostering the interests of the 
individual citizens instead of promoting undue accumulations of cor- 
porate capital, or the extension of corporate powers in the control of 
large tracts of land, and with such other legislation, either territorial 
or national, as experience and good judgment may have indicated, so 
as to make the whole of the Territory accessible by good roads and 
the arid lands available for settlement by means of irrigation, the 
whole country may then become a desirable place for the develop- 
ment of American citizenship. 

S. M. (Jullom. 
Jno. T. Morgan. 
Sanford B. Dole. 



REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE POSTAL SERVICE. 

Tlie Hawaiian postal system is, in its general character, based npon 
and modeled after the methods long- established in the United States. 
The special details of operation, required by special conditions upon 
the islands, can be readily provided for by inconsiderable modifica- 
tions of the existing regulations of the United States Post-Office 
Department in their application there. 

The 111 officers and employees in the Hawaiian postal service are 
now appointed by the Postmaster-General. By the laws and regula- 
tions of the United States they would be classified and appointed, a 
part by the President and a part by the Postmaster-General. 

The receipts of the Hawaiian postal bureau for 1897 were 873,529.99 
and the disbursements $66,659.37, showing a net profit of $6,870.62. 

The following statement will show this in more detail : 

Haivaiianjpostal bureau for year 1897. 

REVENUE AND RECEIPTS. 

Due from island offices January 1 $44.00 

Stamp sales 56,799.20 

Box rents 4,749.79 

Island box rents 950.25 

General postage 879. 17 

Tax letters 818.24 

Money-order fees 9,496.36 

73, 737. 01 

Less stamp exchange 207. 02 

$73,529.99 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Postmaster-general and clerks 21, 492. 50 

Pay of postmaster 17,284.00 

Pay of mail carriage 16,382.50 

Incidentals : 9,766.51 

Special mail carriage . . 1, 733. 86 

66, 659. 37 

Net gain 6,870.62 

With the adoption and application of the United States postal laws 
there may not be so favorable a financial showing in future, as the 
rates on printed matter, far below cost to the Government, provided 
by our laws will at once reduce the Hawaiian postal revenues, and 
there would be a falling off for ocean postage to the United States. 

The interisland mails are now carried free of charge by the lines of 
interisland steamers in compliance with a. pro vision in their licenses 
requiring the performance of this work. 

Statements are hereto appended of the post-offices, postmasters and 
other employees, the salaries paid, bonds required, sales of stamps, 
and box rents; also a communication from Hon. S. M. Damon, min- 
ister of finance, pointing out the advantages of the continuance of 
the present parcels-post system, by which the Hawaiian rates now are 
to the United States, per pound, 12 cents; to Canada, 20 cents; to the 
United Kingdom and Australia, 25 cents. 

R. R. Hitt. 
W. F. Frear. 

HAW 10* 145 



146 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



Salaries, etc., of post-office employees, Honolulu post-office. 



Rank. 



Postmaster 

Deputy postmaster and 
secretary 

Superintendent, money- 
order _ 

Superintendent s av i n g s 
bank 

Clerics. 

General delivery 

Registry department 

Parcel post 

Mail dispatcher 

Clerk, savings bank 

Assistant, postal savings 

bank ..-. 

Clerk, money order 



Salary 

per 
month. 



$250. 00 



166. 66 



150. 00 
125. 00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

30.00 
100.00 



Bond. 



$3,000.00 
3,000.00 
3,000.00 



3,000.00 
500.00 



Rank. 



Clerk, money order 

Clerk, general delivery. . 
Clerk, Japanese delivery 
Clerk, Portuguese deliv- 
ery 

Clerk, Chinese delivery . 
Clerk. 

Do 

Do 

Do. 

Clerk, ladies' window 

Clerk 

Do 

Do._ 

Janitor _ 

Total 



Salary 

per 
month. 



• $75.00 
75.00 
70.00 

70.00 

70.00 
50.00 
50.00 
50.00 
50.00 
45.00 
45.00 
40.00 
20.00 
20.00 



1,435.00 



Bond. 



Salaries, etc., of postmasters. 



Location. 



HAWAII. 

Hilo 

Hilo, first assistant. . . 
Hilo, second assistant 

Olaa 

Kalapana 

Kohala 

Mahukona 

Waimea 

Kawaihae 

Waiohinu 

Paauilo 

Kealakekua 

Napoopoo 

Pahala 

Punaluu 

Honokaa 

Laupahoehoe 

Kukuihaele 

Waipio 

Ookala 

Kaiiua 

Hookena 

Keauhou 

Hoopuloa 

ISTaalehu 

Hilea 

Pohoiki 

Hakalau 

Honuapo 

Honomu 

Papaikou 

Holualoa 

MAUI. 

Wailuku ._ 

Wailuku, assistant .... 

Kahului 

Paia 

Peahi 

Huelo 

Keanae _. 

Makawao 

"Waiakoa 

Keokea 

Lahaina.. 

Honokawai 

Honokahau 

Hamakuapoko _ 

Pauwela 

Hana 



Salary 

per 
month. 



$100.00 
50.00 
25.00 
10.00 

5.00 
75.00 
20.00 
20.00 

7.50 
25.00 
20.00 
20.00 

7.50 
20.00 

5.00 
35.00 
20.00 
20.00 

5.00 
15.00 
15.00 
20.00 

7.50 

5.00 
20.00 

5.00 
10.00 
10.00 
10.00 
10.00 
10.00 
10.00 



75.00 

25.00 

40.00 

35.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

20.00 

5.00 

5.00 

75.00 

5.00 

5.00 

20.00 

5.00 

25.00 



Bond. 



$4,000.00 



1, 500. 00 

500. 00 

1,500.00 



1,000.00 
2, 000. 00 
1,000.00 



1,000.00 



2,500.00 
2,000.00 
2,000.00 



1,000.00 
1,000.00 
1,000.00 



2,000.00 



500. 00 
500.00 



4, 000. 00 



1,500.00 
2, 000. 00 



1,000.00 



1,000.00 



1,000.00 

Taio.'oo 



Location. 



MAUI— continued. 



Kaupo 

Spreckelsville 

Kipahulu 

Samoa 

Ulupalakua 

Makena 

Waihee 

Kihei 



Lihue 

Koloa 

Kilauea ... 
Waimea .. 

Kealia 

Hanalei... 
Makaweli . 
Kekaha . . . 

Mana 

Hanapepe. 



OAHU. 

Waialua 

Waianae 

Honouliuli 

Kahuku.. 

Laie 

Ewa 

Waikane 

Kaneohe 

Heeia 

Punaluu 

Waipahu ._ .. 

Peninsula -..- 

Waialua Plantation 

Waimanalo Plantation. 



MOLOKAI. 



Kaunakakai 

Kaunakakai, assistant, 

leper settlement 

Kamalo 

Pukoo 



Lanai 



Salary 

per 
month. 



$5.00 
20.00 
15.00 
15.00 
7.50 
7.50 



3.33 



60.00 
25. 00 
20.00 
20.00 
20.00 
25.00 
25.00 
15.00 
20.00 
15.00 



15.00 

20.00 

20.00 

15.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

15.00 

5.00 

20.00 

5.00 



30.00 

10.00 
15.00 
5.00 



5.00 



Bond. 



$1,000.00 
1.500.00 
1,000.00 



2, 000. 00 
2, 000, 00 

500.00 
2,000.00 
2, 000. 00 
1,000.00 
2,000.00 
1,500.00 

500.00 



500.00 
500.00 
500.00 
500.00 



500.00 

"5o6."66 



500.00 

'sod "66 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



147 



List of post-offices showing amount of stamp sales for twelve months ending June 

30, 1898. 



Post-office. 



Hilo 

Honokaa 

Hookena 

Hakalau 

Honomu 

Holualoa 

Kohala. 

Kealakekua... 
KukUiiiaele... 

Kailua 

Keauhou 

Laupahoehoe . 

Makukona 

Naalehu 

Ookala 

Paauilo 

Pahala .. 

Pohoiki 

Waimea _. 

Waiokimi 

Hoopuloa '. 



Total. 



Hamakuapoko. 

Hamoa 

Kahului ... 

Kipahulu 

Lahaina 

Makena 

Makawao 

Paia 

Spreckelsville . 

Ulapalakua 

Wailuku 

Hana 



Total. 



Salaries. 



, 100. 00 
420. 00 
240. 00 
120.00 
120.00 
120.00 
900. 00 
210. 00 
210. 00 
180. 00 

90.00 
210. 00 
210. 00 
210.00 
ISO. 00 
210. 00 
210. 00 
120.00 
210. 00 
300. 00 

60.00 



240.00 
180.00 
480.00 
180. 00 
900. 00 
90.00 
240.00 
420.00 
240.00 
90.00 
1,200.00 
300.00 



Stamp 
sales. 



§4, 563. 50 
814.96 
311.00 
365. 00 
213.00 
361.00 
1,279.50 
411.50 
311. 50 
692. 50 

67.00 
438.00 

40. 00 
430.00 
180.00 
489. 50 
314. 00 

74.25 
152.50 

86. 00 

40.00 



11,610.71 



458.00 
263.50 
607. 00 
265. 00 
940. 75 

63. 50 
357. 60 
463. 50 
468. 00 

24.50 

1, 137. 60 

389.25 

5,438.20 



Post-office. 



Hanapepe . 
Hanalei . _ . 

Kealia 

Kekaha . . . 
Kilauea ... 

Koloa 

Lihue 

Mana 

Makaweli . 
Waimea-.. 



Total. 



Honolulu ... 
Honouliuli.. 
Ewa 

Heeia 

Kahuku 

Laie 

Waialua 

Waianae 

Waipahu ... 
Waimanalo . 

Total.. 



Kaunakakai 
Kamalo 



Total . 



" Paradise of Pacific ' 
Stamp exchange 



Total. 



Salaries. 



$180. 00 
300. Of) 
210. 00 
180. 00 
240.00 
300.00 
720.00 
240.00 
300.00 
240.00 



17, 220. 00 
240.00 

60.00 
180.00 
180.00 

60.01) 
180. 00 
210. 00 
210. 00 



480.00 

180.00 



Stamp 
sales. 



§32.75 
156.50 
722.00 
349. 50 
479. 60 
624.50 
1,297.00 
141.00 
672.00 
591. 50 

5,069.35 



34,515.96 

438.25 

1.00 

120.00 

195.50 

60.00 

56.50 

216. 00 

289.30 

79. 60 



35, 972. 11 



158.50 
149. 90 



308. 40 



193. 15 
2.33 



58, 624. 24 



Statement showing Hawaiian postal revenue from Honolulu and island offices for 
twelve months ending June 30, 1898. 



Month. 



1897. 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

1898. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Total 



Box rents. 



Honolulu. 



$189. 04 
809. 10 
133.04 
252. 54 
830. 05 
246.58 
131. 73 



780. 11 
129.73 
107.28 
1,004.98 
487.48 



5,101.66 



Island 
offices. 



$56.25 
128. 25 
150.00 
84.75 
67.25 
93.00 
101.00 



123. 84 
58.44 
52.00 



914. 78 



Total. 



$245. 29 
937.35 
283.04 
337.29 
897.30 
339. 58 
232.73 



780.11 
253. 57 
165. 73 
1,056.98 
487.48 



6,016.44 



Sale of stamps. 



Honolulu. 



$2,840.75 
2,658.29 
2,637.71 
3, 709. 33 
3, 925. 90 
2,819.94 
3,489.88 



3,031.27 
2, 771. 61 
3,432.43 
2,757.43 
2,411.54 



34,515.96 



Island 



$1,291.93 
1,770.30 
1,745.00 
2,175.86 
1,697.89 
2, 180. 63 
3,366.60 



2,438.30 
2,253.25 
1,751.67 
2,537.65 
1,999.20 



24, 108. 38 



Total. 



$4, 133. 68 
4, 428. 59 
4,382.71 
4,885.08 
4,623.79 
5,030.57 
5,756.48 



5,469.57 
5,024.86 
5,184.09 
5,295.08 
4, 410. 74 



58,624.34 



RECAPITULATION. 

Total Honolulu box rents.. _ _ $5,101.66 

Total island offices box rents 914.78 

$6,016.44 

Total Honolulu stamp sales 34,515.96 

Total island offices stamp sales 24,108.28 

58,624.24 

Total revenue 64,640.68 



148 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, September 22, 1898. 
Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, 

Chairman Hawaiian Commission. 

Sir : In your deliberations with reference to the changes incidental 
to the transfer of the Hawaiian postal bureau to the Postal Depart- 
ment of the United States, I desire to draw your attention to the par- 
cels-post system with foreign countries as now working to such an 
advantage and to the great accommodation of the people in this 
country. The parcels-post system with the United States has been 
in operation for a number of years, and the benefits derived from it 
have been mutual. During the past biennial period this country has 
received 12,039 parcels from the United States. In the proposed 
transfer this XDart of the system would not be changed. It is to the 
foreign department that I especially desire to call your attention. 
There is now a convention between this country and Canada that 
gives us the privilege of receiving and sending parcels to the United 
Kingdom of Great Britain; there is also a convention between New 
Zealand and this country bj^ which we can send to and receive parcels 
from all countries with which New Zealand is connected, and by this 
Hawaii is enabled to send to and receive packages from all parts of 
Europe, Asia, and Africa. These conventions have been carried into 
effect since the establishment of the republic, and their growing 
importance is evidenced by the use which is made of them by the 
citizens of this country. 

During the past two years parcels received from various parts of 
the world through Canada and New Zealand number 1,836; the duties 
collected at the post-office on all goods received through all of these 
agencies, including American, have amounted to a total of 110,999.35. 

There is, in addition to this receipt from customs, the postage which 
has been paid on parcels sent from this country, amounting to $1,228. 34, 
the number of parcels sent being 4,293. 

Through this system we are enabled to receive many articles of 
small bulk, including seeds, scientific instruments, books, medicines, 
and small lines of merchandise which, under other circumstances, 
would be prohibited by the expense entailed by sending through the 
ordinary channels of freighting by sea. 

Situated as we are, at so great a distance from the large centers, 
this method of transporting small parcels has proved a boon to this 
country and its abrogation would prove a serious loss. 

The expense connected with the whole system entails one salaried 
clerk at the post-office of $100 a month, who is assisted, on the arrival 
of the mails, by one of the under clerks in the general post-office. 

Trusting that the foregoing will meet with your favorable considera- 
tion, 

I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, 

S. M. Damon, 
Minister of Finance. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY. 

The Committee on Judiciary submit the following report upon the 
"elective franchise : " 

The question of the elective franchise and of representation in the 
legislative body is a delicate and most important question, as upon 
this depends the general character of the local government. 

Two classes of qualifications have been relied on chiefly in the past 
to preserve a fair standard of membership in the legislature. These 
are the educational and the property qualifications. The educational 
qualification merely requires members and voters for members of each 
branch of the Legislature to be able to read, write, and speak the Eng- 
lish or Hawaiian language. This qualification has long been required 
in Hawaii and no objection has been offered to it from any quarter. 
Practically all the native Hawaiians possess this qualification. 

The property qualifications are more restrictive, and this subcom- 
mittee, while believing that the time will come when these can be 
removed entirely, are of the opinion that for the present they should 
be retained to some extent. The property qualifications should not, 
however, be increased. They might perhaps with safety be reduced. 
Conditions in this respect in Hawaii differ from those in the United 
States. The people of Hawaii have always been accustomed to restric- 
tions in the matter of representation, especially in the upper branch 
of the Legislature. A review of the past will show this clearly, and 
will show also that the recommendations of the commission are decid- 
edly in the direction of extension rather than of restriction of the 
privilege of representation. 

Under the present constitution of Hawaii members of the lower 
branch of the legislative body are required to own property valued at 
not less than $1,000, or to have an annual income of not less than 
$600. It is recommended that these figures be now reduced to $500 
and $250, respectively. 

Under the present constitution members of the upper house are 
required to own property valued at $3,000, or to have an annual 
income of $1,200. It is now recommended that these figures be reduced 
to $2,000 and $1,000, respectively. 

These restrictions upon membership in the two houses are good as 
far as they go, and yet they are not as effective as might at fiist 
appear, for there are always some men of every class who possess 
these qualifications. The only effective way to obtain a fairly con- 
servative legislature under conditions such as exist at present in 
Hawaii, is to require proper qualifications of the voters themselves. 

For many years, under the monarchy, voters for members of the 
lower house were required to own property to the extent of $150, or a 
leasehold on which the annual rent was at least $25, or to have an 
annual income of $75. These restrictions were finally removed under 
the monarchy. There has been no property qualification whatever 
f jr voters for members of the lower house under the Republic, and it 
is recommended that there shall be none in the future. 

149 



150 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

As to the upper house, the people were for many years not per- 
mitted to vote at all for its members. At first its members were 
appointed by the King, and membership was hereditary. Afterwards 
they were appointed for life. It was not until 1887, under the Mon- 
archy, that they were elected by the people, and then the voters were 
required to own property, real or personal, valued at $3,000, or to 
have an annual income of $600. Under the Republic the amount of 
real property required was reduced to $1,500, the amount of personal 
property remaining at $3,000, and the annual income at $600. It is 
now proposed to remove the personal property qualification altogether, 
to reduce the real property qualification to $1,000, and to allow the 
income qualification to remain at $600. This seems to be as great a 
reduction as can safely be made at the present time. This is evident 
from the history of the past, especially during the last years of the 
Monarchy, when the property qualifications were greater than it is now 
proposed to make them. 

The qualifications proposed are more liberal than have ever existed 
before in Hawaii, and under them a large portion of the native 
Hawaiians can vote for members of the upper house and practically 
all of them for members of the lower house. The suffrage has been 
extended in the past in Hawaii by degrees. It is believed to be wise- 
est to continue this process of growth. To remove the property qual- 
ifications gradually is probably the quickest way to obtain their entire 
removal ultimately. To sweep them all away at the present time 
might prove so disastrous as to produce a reaction, by which the fran- 
chise might be restricted much more than it is at present, if not taken 
away altogether. The two houses sit separately, and by requiring a 
property qualification for voters for the upper house and no such 
qualification for voters for the lower house, all classes are fairly rep- 
resented and each class may act as a check upon the other, since no 
bill can be passed without the concurrence of both houses. To mate- 
rially reduce the qualifications below what it is now proposed to make 
them would be to practically turn the legislature over to the masses, 
a large portion of whom have not yet fully learned the meaning of 
representative government, and to practically deprive the more con- 
servative elements and property owners of effective representation. 

Heretofore the two houses have been equal in membership, each 
containing fifteen members. It is now proposed to double the member- 
ship of the lower house. This will increase the representation of the 
masses and at the same time give the lower house greater protection 
from outside influences. 

Jno. T. Morgan. 
W. F. Frear. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CORPORATIONS. 

The body of Hawaiian law in relation to the creation and control of 
corporations, domestic and foreign, and of joint-stock companies, 
while based upon the principles and methods followed in the States, 
is very liberal, and contains provisions which have grown out of the 
conditions surrounding enterprises undertaken in these islands. In 
regard to the personal liability of stockholders in corporations arid 
joint-stock companies, there is a narrow limit of liability. ' ' No stock- 
holder shall be liable for the debts of the corporation beyond the 
amount of what may be due on the stock or shares held or owned by 
him." (Sees. 2019 and 2035, Civil Code). In regard to bank corpora- 
tions the law makes every stockholder individually and personally 
liable for such portions of the bank's debts and liabilities as the 
amount of stock or shares owned by him bears to the whole of the 
subscribed capital stock or shares of the corporation, and for a like 
proportion only of each debt or claim against the corporation (sec. 
2057). ' ' No charter shall be granted any companv whose capital stock 
is less than 8200,000." (Sec, 2052). 

There has been a rapid, growth of corporations in almost every form 
of industry upon the islands, in one feature far out of proportion to 
what is seen in the States, viz, corporate companies carrying on farm- 
ing, which, in our country, is generally carried on by individuals. 
Sugar plantations on these islands are nearly all owned by corpora- 
tions. The sugar industry is by far the largest single interest in value 
and in profit. 

The fact that the sugar plantations are almost wholly conducted by 
companies is partly owing to the fact that large capital is required at 
the very beginning, and the laws make possible the union of small 
investments without great liability. There has been an element of 
special risk, too, in the industry. Investors always bore in mind that 
the prosperity of the whole industry depended upon the reciprocity 
treaty with the United States, the benefits of which have actually 
been changed by legislation in the United States, and reciprocity 
might have been repealed altogether with a change of policy or of 
part}* control in the United States. Men did not like to risk all they 
had in one venture, but would take shares in companies. With the 
removal of this element of uncertainty, now that comparative sta- 
bility of government is assured by annexation, that element of uncer- 
tainty will disappear, and with it the tendency to put every enterprise 
into the form of a corporation will diminish. But the large capital 
necessary to procure the land, buy the machinery of irrigation and 
the sugar mills, and meet the large expenses of cultivating imple- 
ments, and the long pay roll of the laborers, all of which must be 

151 



152 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

advanced long before any return begins, will probably continue, 
though in a less degree than heretofore, to induce people to prefer to 
invest in sugar-planting companies, rather than to attempt a planta- 
tion single handed. This will doubtless be the course even of the few 
persons who may have the capital to make the attempt. 

Lists and descriptions of the corporations — mercantile, agricultural, 
and manufacturing, domestic and foreign — now existing and operating 
in the Hawaiian Islands, and of church, charitable, and literary asso- 
ciations, are hereto appended. 

R. R. Hitt. 

W. F. Frear. 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



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162 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON JUDICIARY. 

Hawaii having been hitherto a single independent State, its courts 
have exercised much of the jurisdiction exercised by both the Federal 
and State courts in this country. In this respect the Hawaiian courts 
have resembled somewhat the courts of the Territories of the United 
States, which, as a rule, have had much Federal jurisdiction, as well 
as jurisdiction of cases arising under the Territorial laws. It seems 
very desirable in the case of Hawaii to separate these jurisdictions, 
leaving all cases arising under the laws of the Territory to the Terri- 
torial courts and transferring all jurisdiction of a Federal nature to 
a district court of the United States to be established for the Terri- 
tory of Hawaii. This district court should have also the jurisdiction 
of a circuit court of the United States. 

There are many reasons which make this separation of jurisdictions 
desirable. The foreign shipping already calling at the ports of 
Hawaii, as well as the shipping from the United States, is very exten- 
sive and is rapidly increasing. With the natural growth of commerce 
on the Pacific, and especially in view of the change in the ownership 
of the Philippines, the near completion of the Siberian Railway, and 
the projected Nicaraguan Canal, the shipping that will call at the 
Hawaiian Islands will undoubtedly increase more rapidly in the future 
than it has increased in the past. This will give rise to many impor- 
tant admiralty cases in Hawaii, some of which may become matters of 
international interest. 

It is obviously very desirable that jurisdiction over such cases 
should be exercised by Federal judges. Again, in the event of war, 
Hawaii may become a center for the trial of prize cases, of which the 
Federal courts should have exclusive jurisdiction. By making the 
relations between the territorial courts of Hawaii and the Federal 
courts, as to appeals, removal of causes, etc., the same as the corre- 
sponding relations between the State and Federal courts, all cases of 
a local nature can be tried and determined finally in the islands, and 
thus the expense and delay of bringing such cases to the mainland, 
and possibly to Washington, a distance of 5,000 miles, will be avoided. 

Very little change need be made in the organization of the terri- 
torial or local judiciary. The organization and procedure of the 
Hawaiian courts is already very similar to what is found in the United 
States. This has been the result of a growth of sixty years of con- 
stitutional government in Hawaii under American influences. The 
judiciary department, unlike the executive and legislative depart- 
ments, has always been free from politics. The people of Hawaii 
have great confidence in their judiciary, and have always looked to it 
as the one impregnable bulwark of their liberties. The last two sov- 
ereigns under the monarchy, who did so much to lower the standard 
of the executive and legislative departments, did not dare to encroach 
materially upon the judiciary department until the final attempt of 
the Queen, which resulted in the loss of her throne. 

The people of Hawaii of all classes, as shown "by the memorials 
presented to the commission, desire the judiciary, as at present 
organized, to be retained with as little change as possible, with the 



ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 163 

exception that they generally deem it best that there should be a 
United States district court to take jurisdiction of Federal cases. 
The one change which it seems desirable to make in the local judi- 
ciary is the abolition of the racial and mixed juries. Hitherto in 
criminal cases foreigners have been tried by juries composed of for- 
eigners, and Hawaiians by juries composed of Hawaiians, and civil 
cases, if between foreigners, have been tried by foreign juries; if 
between Hawaiians, by Hawaiian juries; if between foreigners and 
Hawaiians, by juries composed of an equal number of foreigners and 
Hawaiians. 

It is now proposed to abolish these race and mixed juries and to 
require instead merely that juries shall be composed of citizens of the 
United States who understand the English language, without respect 
to color or blood. As the Hawaiians will become citizens of the United 
States and as most of them understand the English language, the greater 
portion of them will be competent to sit on juries. The requirement 
that they shall understand the English language is designed not to 
exclude the Hawaiians, but to avoid the expense and delay that would 
result if all proceedings had to be gone through in both languages 
through an interpreter. 

The Hawaiian judiciary may be briefly described as follows: 

There are three sets of courts — a supreme court, superior courts of 
record, and local courts — corresponding to the three classes of courts 
usually found elsewhere. They are called the supreme court, the 
circuit courts (five in number), and the district courts (twenty-nine 
in number). 

The district courts sit without a jury. They have jurisdiction in 
criminal cases, over misdemeanors, and in civil cases up to $300 except 
in cases of slander, libel, malicious prosecution, false imprisonment, 
seduction, breach of promise of marriage, and cases involving title to 
real estate. The civil jurisdiction is exclusive up to $50 and concur- 
rent with that of the circuit courts from $50 to $300. A general appeal 
lies in all cases, civil and criminal, to the circuit court, or an appeal 
solely on points of law may be taken to either the circuit or the 
supreme court. 

The circuit courts sit with a jury, unless jury is waived, for the trial 
of most original law cases not begun in the district courts and in cases 
appealed from the district courts. The circuit judges sit without a 
jury in equity, admiralty, probate, and bankruptcy cases. Part of 
this jurisdiction will now be turned over to the United States district 
judge. There has as yet been no fusion of equity and law cases. 
Equity and law courts, as under the Federal system, are regarded as 
distinct, although presided over by the same judges. Exceptions lie 
from the circuit courts in law cases and general appeals in equity 
cases to the supreme court. 

The supreme court consists of a chief justice and two associate jus- 
tices. It hears appeals, exceptions, and writs of error from the circuit 
and district courts, and has original jurisdiction of contested-election 
cases, claims against the government, and the issuance of certain 
writs, such as habeas corpus, prohibition, mandamus, and certiorari. 
In case of the absence or disqualification of a justice, his place in any 
particular case may be filled by a circuit judge or member of the bar. 

The chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the Presi- 
dent (hereafter the governor), with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, and hold office, like the federal judges, during good behavior. 



164 ANNEXATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

The circuit judges are appointed in the same way and hold office for 
six years. The district judges are appointed by the President, with 
the approval of the cabinet (hereafter by the governor alone), and hold 
office for two years. 

The chief justice and associate justices are all of American descent 
and are graduates of Eastern colleges and law schools. The circuit 
judges comprise two Americans, one Englishman, one Portuguese, 
and one Hawaiian. The district judges are mostly Hawaiians, but 
some of them are Americans and English. 

There is a clerk of the judiciary department, with deputies, who are 
also clerks of the circuit courts. There are also stenographers and 
interpreters. The executive officers of the courts are a marshal of 
the Republic (hereafter chief sheriff of t y L erritory), sheriffs of the 
several circuits, deputy sheriffs of the seve Jstricts, and policemen. 

The procedure in the various courts is much like that in the United 
States. The same is true of the laws administered by the courts. 
The statute law is largely copied from statutes (State or Federal) in 
the United States, and in the absence of statute law in a given case 
the common law is followed. American and English cases are cited, 
as in the United States. The supreme court law library contains over 
5,000 volumes of well-selected law books. 

There are also special courts for the trial of cases relating to pri- 
vate ways and water rights. These are presided over by "commis- 
sioners of private ways and water rights. " These courts are of about 
the grade of district courts, but their jurisdiction is chiefly in the 
nature of equity jurisdiction. A general appeal lies from these com- 
missioners to the supreme court. 

There are two classes of lawyers, namely, those admitted to practice 
in all the courts and those admitted to practice in the lower courts 
only. The former are mostly Americans, but include a number of 
Hawaiians; the latter are mostly Hawaiians. 

Jno. T. Morgan. 
W. F. Freak. 



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